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Levothyroxine Sodium
Levothyroxine sodium is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4), used to treat hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid). It helps to restore normal hormone levels in the body, improving metabolism, energy levels, and overall thyroid function.
Levothyroxine sodium is available by prescription and is not classified as a controlled substance. It is typically provided in tablet and liquid formulations.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Levothyroxine sodium to start working?
Patients may begin to feel the effects of levothyroxine within 1 to 2 weeks, but it may take several weeks to see full benefits and stabilization of thyroid levels.
Can I take Levothyroxine sodium with other medications?
Always consult your healthcare provider before combining levothyroxine with other medications, especially antacids or iron supplements.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Levothyroxine sodium?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Is it safe to use Levothyroxine sodium during pregnancy?
Levothyroxine sodium is considered safe during pregnancy and is essential for maintaining proper thyroid hormone levels for both mother and fetus; consult a healthcare provider for individualized management.
Can Levothyroxine sodium cause weight gain?
Weight gain is not typically associated with levothyroxine; however, any significant changes in weight should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Levothyroxine Sodium Work?
Levothyroxine sodium works by supplementing or replacing the natural thyroid hormone in the body. It increases the metabolic rate of tissues, enhances gluconeogenesis, and increases the absorption of carbohydrates, which helps regulate energy production and metabolism.
What is Levothyroxine Sodium Used For?
Levothyroxine is used to treat an underactive thyroid and certain types of goiters.
Common Dosages
Levothyroxine sodium is typically available in the following formulations:
- Tablets: Common dosages include 25 mcg, 50 mcg, 75 mcg, 88 mcg, 100 mcg, 112 mcg, 125 mcg, and 137 mcg.
- Oral solution: Available in various concentrations.
Typical Dosing
- The usual starting dose for adults is typically between 1.6 to 1.8 mcg/kg of body weight per day, adjusted based on TSH levels and clinical response. Maintenance doses may range from 75 to 150 mcg daily.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Treatment of hypothyroidism in adults and children.
- Suppression of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in patients with thyroid cancer or other thyroid disorders.
Who Shouldn't Take Levothyroxine Sodium?
- Known hypersensitivity to levothyroxine or any components of the formulation
- Untreated adrenal insufficiency
- Thyrotoxicosis (excess thyroid hormone)
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Patients should be advised to take Levothyroxine sodium on an empty stomach, typically 30-60 minutes before breakfast, to enhance absorption.
- Discuss the importance of regular monitoring of thyroid function tests (TSH, T4) to adjust dosage as needed.
- Inform patients about potential side effects and encourage them to report any signs of hyperthyroidism, such as increased heart rate, anxiety, or weight loss.
Side Effects of Levothyroxine Sodium
Common Side Effects
- Hair loss (especially in children during the first few months of treatment)
- Insomnia
- Increased appetite
- Weight loss
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Symptoms of hyperthyroidism (e.g., palpitations, sweating, tremors)
- Chest pain or irregular heartbeat
- Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
Risks and Warnings of Levothyroxine Sodium
- Cardiovascular Risks: Use caution in patients with a history of heart disease, as excessive doses can lead to heart-related complications.
- Bone Health: Long-term use of high doses may affect bone density; regular monitoring may be warranted.
Interactions with Levothyroxine Sodium
Common Drug Interactions
- Antacids and Iron Supplements: These may interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine; it is advisable to space dosing of these products apart from levothyroxine.
- Other Medications: Certain medications (e.g., warfarin, antidepressants) may require dosage adjustments when starting or stopping levothyroxine.
Common Food Interactions
- Avoid high-fiber foods and calcium or iron supplements an hour before or after taking levothyroxine.
- Grapefruit juice may delay absorption and reduce its effectiveness.
Alternatives to Levothyroxine Sodium
- Liothyronine (T3): An alternative treatment option for patients who may not respond adequately to T4 alone.
- Combination Therapy: Some patients may benefit from a combination of T4 and T3 therapy.
