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Istalol
Timolol Maleate is a type of medication known as a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist (beta-blocker). It's commonly used to reduce intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma. Some standard side effects include a stingy or burning sensation in the eye, blurred vision, and headache, but the benefits generally outweigh these issues.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use Timolol Maleate if I have asthma?
It's not typically recommended because Timolol Maleate can cause bronchospasm.
Does Timolol Maleate have any impact on my heart?
Yes, Timolol Maleate absorbs systemically and can affect the heart, causing slow heart rate and even heart failure in certain individuals.
Are there any alternatives to Timolol Maleate?
Yes, there are several other classes of medications that can treat ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma. It's best to converse with your doctor about which might work best for you.
What if I miss a dose?
Apply it as soon as you remember. If it's near the time for the next dose, skip the missed one and proceed with the regular schedule. Never double up.
Will Timolol Maleate cure my glaucoma?
There's no cure for glaucoma, but Timolol Maleate can help to manage the condition by reducing intraocular pressure.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Istalol Work?
Timolol Maleate is a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist that decreases intraocular pressure by reducing the production of aqueous humor within the eye.
What is Istalol Used For?
FDA indications: Timolol Maleate is primarily utilized to manage intraocular pressure in individuals with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma.
Off-label uses: It's also been used for the off-label management of migraine prophylaxis, essential tremors, hemangiomas, and several cardiac conditions.
Common Dosages
Eye drops: 0.25%, 0.5%
Gel-Forming Solution: 0.25%, 0.5%
Oral: 10mg, 20mg
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- For FDA-approved indications:
- Ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma: One drop of 0.25?0.5% in the affected eye(s) once or twice a day.
Off-Label Uses
- For off-label uses:
- Migraine prophylaxis: Oral dosing 10?15mg twice a day.
- Essential tremors: Oral dosing Start at 10mg twice a day, max 30mg twice a day.
- Infantile Hemangiomas: Topically applied 0.5 1.0%
Who Shouldn't Take Istalol?
- If you suffer from asthma or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- If you have bradycardia (slow heart rate)
- If you have a type of heart disease called "AV Block"
- Patients with severe heart failure.
- Have an allergic reaction to any beta-blockers.
- Patients with a known hypersensitivity to Timolol Maleate.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Do not touch the dropper tip to any surface, as it may lead to contamination.
- Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how the drug affects your vision.
- If you wear contact lenses, remove them before applying Timolol Maleate. You can reinsert them 15 minutes after the application.
- If using other topical eye medications, wait at least 10 minutes before applying other products.
- Avoid abrupt discontinuation as it can exacerbate heart and blood pressure conditions.
- Monitor blood sugar levels closely if you have diabetes; beta-blockers can mask the symptoms of low blood sugar.
- Report any signs of eye inflammation or infection to your doctor immediately.
- Do not use other eye medications unless your doctor approves.
Side Effects of Istalol
Common Side Effects
- Some people may experience stinging or a burning sensation in the eye, blurry vision, or a headache.
- Bitter or unusual taste in the mouth
- Fatigue or weakness
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Rare side effects:
- Serious heart problems, such as a slow heart rate (bradycardia), heart palpitations, or even heart failure.
- Bronchospasm or difficulty breathing
- Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
- Depression, hallucinations, cognitive impairment
- Severe side effects:
- Eye pain/swelling/discharge, vision changes, redness, and swelling of the eyelids are severe ocular side effects.
- Quick weight gain, swelling in the ankles or feet, unusual fatigue, fainting, or severe dizziness are signs of serious cardiac side effects.
- Signs of serious allergic reactions like rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, and troubling breathing need immediate medical attention.
Risks and Warnings of Istalol
- Individuals with active or history of respiratory issues like asthma or severe COPD should avoid Timolol Maleate because it can cause bronchospasm.
- Caution should be observed when used by individuals who have bradycardia, AV block, or severe heart failure. This is because Timolol Maleate can further suppress the heart rate, worsening heart failure, and block the signals that coordinate the heart's rhythmic beating.
- Due to its systemic absorption, Timolol Maleate can affect blood sugar levels. Patients with diabetes should keep a close eye on their blood glucose levels.
- Patients with known hypersensitivity or allergy to Timolol Maleate or any other component of the formulation must avoid the medication.
- As with any medication, the risks and benefits should be discussed with your doctor. In general, the benefit of lowering intraocular pressure and preventing glaucoma progression outweighs the potential risks for most patients.
Interactions with Istalol
Common Drug Interactions
- Other beta-blockers
- Calcium Channel Blockers
- Catecholamine-depleting drugs
- NSAIDs
- Epinephrine
- Clonidine
Alternatives to Istalol
- Betaxolol
- Carteolol
- Metipranolol
- Levobunolol
- Dorzolamide
- Brimonidine
- Apraclonidine
- Latanoprost,
- Travoprost
