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Doxycycline Monohydrate
Doxycycline Monohydrate is a tetracycline antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin infections, acne, and certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and is also used to prevent malaria in travelers. Doxycycline Monohydrate is available in tablet and capsule form and is commonly prescribed for its effectiveness against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Doxycycline Monohydrate to start working?
You may begin to see improvement in your symptoms within a few days of starting treatment. However, it is important to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed.
Can I take Doxycycline Monohydrate with food?
Yes, you can take it with food to reduce stomach upset, but avoid dairy products as they can reduce the absorption of the medication.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Doxycycline Monohydrate?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it is close to your next dose. Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed one.
Is Doxycycline Monohydrate safe during pregnancy?
No, it is not recommended during pregnancy due to the risk of harm to the developing fetus, especially during the second and third trimesters.
Can Doxycycline Monohydrate treat viral infections?
No, Doxycycline Monohydrate is an antibiotic and is only effective against bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections such as the flu or the common cold.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Doxycycline Monohydrate Work?
Doxycycline Monohydrate works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, which prevents bacteria from growing and multiplying. This makes it effective against a broad spectrum of bacterial infections. It is particularly useful in treating infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics.
What is Doxycycline Monohydrate Used For?
FDA indications: Doxycycline is used to treat some infections, like pneumonia, Lyme disease, acne, chlamydia, and syphilis.
Common Dosages
- Tablets/Capsules: 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg
- Oral suspension: 25 mg/5 mL
Typical Dosing
- For infections: 100 mg twice daily on the first day, followed by 100 mg once daily or 50 mg twice daily.
- For acne: 100 mg once daily, typically continued for several weeks or months.
- For malaria prevention: 100 mg once daily, starting 1-2 days before travel and continuing for 4 weeks after leaving the malaria-endemic area.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Acne
- Respiratory tract infections
- Urinary tract infections
- Chlamydia and other sexually transmitted infections
- Skin infections (e.g., rosacea)
- Malaria prevention
Off-Label Uses
Off-label uses: It's also been used for malaria prophylaxis and in the treatment of anthrax.
- Malaria prophylaxis: 100 mg per day.
- Anthrax treatment: 100 mg every 12 hours.
Who Shouldn't Take Doxycycline Monohydrate?
- Known hypersensitivity to doxycycline or other tetracyclines
- Pregnancy (especially in the second and third trimesters)
- Severe liver disease
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Doxycycline Monohydrate with a full glass of water to avoid esophageal irritation, and avoid lying down for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication.
- Avoid taking it with dairy products (milk, cheese) or antacids, as calcium can interfere with its absorption.
- Use sunscreen and protective clothing, as Doxycycline can cause photosensitivity and increase the risk of sunburn.
- Complete the full course of treatment, even if you start feeling better, to ensure the infection is fully eradicated.
Side Effects of Doxycycline Monohydrate
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Sun sensitivity (photosensitivity)
- Stomach upset
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
- Esophageal irritation or ulcers
- Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
Risks and Warnings of Doxycycline Monohydrate
- Photosensitivity: Doxycycline can increase your skin's sensitivity to sunlight, leading to a higher risk of sunburn. Use adequate sun protection when outdoors.
- Pregnancy Risk: Doxycycline should be avoided during pregnancy, especially during the second and third trimesters, as it can harm the developing fetus by affecting bone and tooth development.
- Gastrointestinal Effects: Doxycycline can cause irritation to the esophagus if not taken with plenty of water or if taken right before lying down.
Interactions with Doxycycline Monohydrate
Common Drug Interactions
- Antacids: Calcium, magnesium, and aluminum-containing antacids can reduce the absorption of Doxycycline Monohydrate.
- Iron supplements: Iron can interfere with the effectiveness of doxycycline.
- Blood thinners (warfarin): Doxycycline may increase the effects of blood thinners, leading to an increased risk of bleeding.
- Oral contraceptives: Doxycycline may reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills. An additional form of contraception is recommended during treatment.
Alternatives to Doxycycline Monohydrate
- Minocycline (Minocin): Another tetracycline antibiotic used to treat acne and bacterial infections.
- Amoxicillin: A penicillin antibiotic used for respiratory, skin, and urinary tract infections.
- Azithromycin (Zithromax): A macrolide antibiotic commonly used for respiratory and sexually transmitted infections.
