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Divalproex Sodium ER
Divalproex Sodium ER is an extended-release formulation of divalproex sodium, commonly used to treat seizure disorders, bipolar disorder, and to prevent migraine headaches. This extended-release version allows for once-daily dosing, providing more consistent levels of the drug in the body. Divalproex Sodium ER works by increasing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the brain, which helps to calm nerve activity and stabilize mood.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Divalproex Sodium ER to start working?
For seizures and bipolar disorder, it may take several days to weeks for full effects to be seen. For migraines, results can be seen within 2-4 weeks.
Can I stop taking Divalproex Sodium ER suddenly?
No, stopping the medication abruptly can increase the risk of seizures or worsen mood symptoms. Always consult your doctor before making any changes.
Is Divalproex Sodium ER safe during pregnancy?
Divalproex Sodium ER has a high risk of causing birth defects and should be avoided during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. Discuss safer alternatives with your doctor if you are planning to become pregnant.
Can Divalproex Sodium ER cause weight gain?
Yes, weight gain is a common side effect of Divalproex Sodium ER. Speak to your healthcare provider about strategies to manage weight while on the medication.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Divalproex Sodium ER?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is close to your next scheduled dose. Do not take two doses at once to make up for a missed dose.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Divalproex Sodium ER Work?
Divalproex Sodium ER works by increasing GABA levels in the brain, helping to stabilize the electrical activity of neurons. This reduces seizure activity, stabilizes mood in bipolar disorder, and prevents migraine headaches by affecting the nerves and chemicals involved in headache development.
What is Divalproex Sodium ER Used For?
- Seizure disorders (epilepsy)
- Bipolar disorder (manic episodes)
- Migraine prevention
Common Dosages
Divalproex Sodium ER is available in the following forms and strengths:
- Extended-release tablets: 250 mg, 500 mg
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- For seizures: The usual dose for adults is 10-15 mg/kg/day, adjusted based on response, given once daily.
- For bipolar disorder: The typical starting dose is 25 mg/kg/day, adjusted based on clinical response.
- For migraine prevention: 500-1000 mg once daily, depending on response and tolerability.
Who Shouldn't Take Divalproex Sodium ER?
Divalproex Sodium ER should not be used in individuals with:
- Liver disease or severe liver dysfunction
- Known hypersensitivity to valproate or its components
- Mitochondrial disorders (e.g., Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome)
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Divalproex Sodium ER exactly as prescribed. Do not crush or chew the extended-release tablets, as this can interfere with the controlled release of the medication.
- Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor liver function and ensure the drug is at safe and effective levels in the bloodstream.
- Divalproex Sodium ER can cause drowsiness or dizziness, so avoid activities like driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how it affects you.
- Avoid alcohol while taking this medication, as it can increase the sedative effects and risk of liver damage.
Side Effects of Divalproex Sodium ER
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Drowsiness
- Weight gain
- Tremor
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Liver toxicity (jaundice, abdominal pain)
- Pancreatitis (severe stomach pain)
- Blood disorders (bruising, unusual bleeding)
Risks and Warnings of Divalproex Sodium ER
Liver Damage: Divalproex Sodium ER can cause serious liver damage, particularly in children under 2 years of age and individuals with preexisting liver conditions.
Pancreatitis Risk: Acute pancreatitis is a known risk with this medication and requires immediate medical attention if symptoms appear.
Pregnancy Risk: Divalproex Sodium ER is associated with a high risk of birth defects. Women of childbearing age should use effective contraception.
Interactions with Divalproex Sodium ER
Common Drug Interactions
- Other anticonvulsants: Divalproex Sodium ER may require dose adjustments when used with other seizure medications.
- Blood thinners: This drug can increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulants like warfarin.
- Antidepressants: Caution should be exercised when combining with antidepressants, as it may increase the risk of side effects.
Alternatives to Divalproex Sodium ER
- Lamotrigine (Lamictal): Another anticonvulsant used in bipolar disorder.
- Topiramate (Topamax): A common alternative for both seizure control and migraine prevention.
- Lithium: A mood stabilizer often used to treat bipolar disorder.
