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Divalproex Sodium
Divalproex Sodium is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer used to treat seizure disorders, bipolar disorder, and to prevent migraine headaches. It works by increasing the amount of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, a neurotransmitter that helps to calm nerve activity. Divalproex Sodium is a commonly prescribed medication for epilepsy and mood stabilization in patients with bipolar disorder.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Divalproex Sodium to start working?
For seizures and mood stabilization, it may take several days to weeks for full effects to be noticeable. For migraines, it can take 2-4 weeks to see a reduction in headaches.
Can I stop taking Divalproex Sodium suddenly?
No, stopping Divalproex Sodium abruptly can increase the risk of seizures. Consult your doctor if you need to discontinue the medication.
Is Divalproex Sodium safe during pregnancy?
Divalproex Sodium is associated with a high risk of birth defects and should be avoided during pregnancy unless no safer alternatives are available.
Can Divalproex Sodium cause weight gain?
Yes, weight gain is a common side effect. Talk to your healthcare provider about ways to manage your weight while on the medication.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Divalproex Sodium?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, but if it is close to the next dose, skip the missed dose and take the next one at your scheduled time. Do not double up on doses.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Divalproex Sodium Work?
Divalproex Sodium increases levels of GABA, a neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve activity in the brain, reducing seizure activity and stabilizing mood. It also prevents migraines by affecting the chemicals and nerves involved in headache development.
What is Divalproex Sodium Used For?
- Epilepsy (seizure disorders)
- Bipolar disorder (manic episodes)
- Migraine prevention
Common Dosages
Divalproex Sodium is available in the following forms and strengths:
- Delayed-release tablets: 125 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg
- Extended-release tablets: 250 mg, 500 mg
- Sprinkle capsules: 125 mg
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- For seizures: The usual dose for adults is 10-15 mg/kg/day, adjusted based on response.
- For bipolar disorder: Typically, 750 mg per day divided into doses, adjusted based on clinical response.
- For migraine prevention: 250-500 mg twice daily, with adjustments based on response and tolerability.
Who Shouldn't Take Divalproex Sodium?
Divalproex Sodium should not be used in individuals with:
- Liver disease or severe liver dysfunction
- Known hypersensitivity to valproate or any component of the formulation
- Mitochondrial disorders such as Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Divalproex Sodium exactly as prescribed and do not abruptly stop taking it, as this may increase the risk of seizures.
- Have regular blood tests to monitor liver function and drug levels in your blood, as Divalproex Sodium can affect liver health.
- Divalproex Sodium may cause weight gain and drowsiness, so discuss diet and exercise plans with your healthcare provider.
- Avoid alcohol while taking this medication, as it can increase the risk of side effects such as dizziness and drowsiness.
Side Effects of Divalproex Sodium
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Drowsiness
- Weight gain
- Hair loss
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Liver toxicity (jaundice, abdominal pain)
- Pancreatitis (severe stomach pain, nausea)
- Low platelet count (easy bruising, bleeding)
Risks and Warnings of Divalproex Sodium
Liver Damage: Divalproex Sodium can cause serious liver damage, especially in children under 2 years of age or those with preexisting liver problems.
Pancreatitis Risk: Acute pancreatitis has been reported in both adults and children taking Divalproex Sodium.
Pregnancy Warning: Divalproex Sodium can cause birth defects and should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. Women of childbearing age should use effective contraception.
Interactions with Divalproex Sodium
Common Drug Interactions
- Other anticonvulsants: Combining Divalproex Sodium with other seizure medications may require dose adjustments.
- Blood thinners: Divalproex Sodium can increase the risk of bleeding when used with blood thinners like warfarin.
- Antidepressants: Caution should be used when combining Divalproex Sodium with antidepressants, as it may increase the risk of side effects.
Alternatives to Divalproex Sodium
- Lamotrigine (Lamictal): Another anticonvulsant often used in bipolar disorder.
- Topiramate (Topamax): Used for seizure control and migraine prevention.
- Lithium: A common mood stabilizer for treating bipolar disorder.
