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Coal Tar
Coal tar is a topical medication used to treat skin conditions such as psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and eczema. It works by slowing the growth of skin cells and reducing inflammation, itching, and scaling. Coal tar belongs to a class of medications known as keratoplastics and has been used for many years to help manage symptoms of chronic skin conditions. It is available in various forms, including shampoos, creams, ointments, and lotions.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for coal tar to work?
It may take several weeks of regular use to see improvement in skin conditions like psoriasis. Consistent use is key to achieving results.
Can coal tar be used on the face?
Coal tar should generally not be applied to the face unless directed by a healthcare provider, as facial skin can be more sensitive and prone to irritation.
Can I use coal tar every day?
Coal tar products can be used daily for some skin conditions, but for others, it may be recommended to use them only a few times a week. Follow the instructions provided on the product or given by your doctor.
Is coal tar safe during pregnancy?
Coal tar should be used with caution during pregnancy. Consult your doctor before using any coal tar products if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Does coal tar cure psoriasis?
Coal tar does not cure psoriasis but can help manage the symptoms by reducing scaling, itching, and inflammation. Regular use may help keep psoriasis flare-ups under control.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Coal Tar Work?
Coal tar works by slowing down the rapid overproduction of skin cells that causes scaling in conditions like psoriasis. It also has anti-inflammatory and antipruritic (anti-itch) properties. By penetrating the skin, it helps to reduce redness, scaling, itching, and inflammation, which improves the appearance and texture of the skin.
Common Dosages
- Shampoos: Typically contain 0.5% to 5% coal tar for treating scalp psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis.
- Creams, ointments, and lotions: Usually contain 0.5% to 10% coal tar.
- Bath additives: Available for full-body treatments in varying concentrations.
Typical Dosing
- For psoriasis or seborrheic dermatitis: Apply a coal tar shampoo to the scalp 1 to 3 times per week. For creams or ointments, apply a thin layer to the affected skin 1 to 2 times daily or as directed by your doctor.
- For eczema: Apply coal tar ointment or cream to the affected area once or twice daily to reduce itching and inflammation.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Psoriasis, including plaque psoriasis
- Seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp
- Atopic dermatitis and eczema for symptomatic relief of itching and inflammation
Who Shouldn't Take Coal Tar?
- Known hypersensitivity or allergy to coal tar or any of its components.
- Open sores or severe skin irritation, as this may worsen the condition.
- It should be used with caution in patients with photosensitivity since coal tar can increase the skin's sensitivity to sunlight.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- When using coal tar shampoos, apply to the wet scalp, leave it on for 5 to 10 minutes, and then rinse thoroughly.
- Coal tar can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight, so avoid prolonged sun exposure and use sunscreen or protective clothing when outdoors.
- Be aware that coal tar products can stain clothing, bed linens, and hair, especially lighter-colored fabrics or hair.
- If you experience severe skin irritation, redness, or a rash, discontinue use and consult your healthcare provider.
- Coal tar has a strong odor, which some patients may find unpleasant, but the benefits in treating skin conditions often outweigh this concern.
Side Effects of Coal Tar
Common Side Effects
- Mild skin irritation
- Burning, stinging, or redness at the application site
- Sensitivity to sunlight (photosensitivity)
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe skin irritation or allergic reactions
- Folliculitis (inflammation of hair follicles)
- Skin discoloration
Risks and Warnings of Coal Tar
- Photosensitivity: Coal tar can increase sensitivity to sunlight, leading to a higher risk of sunburn. Patients should avoid direct sun exposure and use sunscreen or protective clothing while using coal tar products.
- Skin irritation: Coal tar can cause irritation in sensitive individuals or if applied to broken skin. Discontinue use if severe irritation occurs.
- Staining: Coal tar products can stain clothes, hair, and skin. Care should be taken when applying it to avoid contact with fabrics.
Interactions with Coal Tar
Common Drug Interactions
- Topical medications: Combining coal tar with other topical treatments, such as corticosteroids, may increase the risk of skin irritation.
- Photosensitizing agents: Medications or treatments that increase sensitivity to sunlight, such as tetracyclines or retinoids, should be used cautiously with coal tar, as it can amplify the risk of sunburn.
Alternatives to Coal Tar
- Salicylic acid: Another keratolytic agent that can help treat psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis by promoting the shedding of dead skin cells.
- Topical corticosteroids: Such as hydrocortisone, used for reducing inflammation in conditions like eczema and psoriasis.
- Calcipotriene (Dovonex): A vitamin D analogue used to slow the growth of skin cells in psoriasis.
- Phototherapy: In severe cases of psoriasis or eczema, ultraviolet (UV) light therapy may be used to slow skin cell turnover and reduce symptoms.
