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Aptivus
Aptivus (tipranavir) is a protease inhibitor used in combination with other antiretroviral medications to treat HIV-1 infection in patients who are treatment-experienced and have resistance to multiple other protease inhibitors. Aptivus helps lower the viral load in the body, improving the immune system function and reducing the risk of developing AIDS or other HIV-related complications. It is not a cure for HIV but helps manage the virus when taken consistently.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Aptivus to start working?
Aptivus begins reducing the viral load soon after starting therapy, but it may take several weeks of consistent use to see significant reductions in viral load. Regular monitoring of HIV-1 RNA levels is necessary to assess its effectiveness.
Can Aptivus cure HIV?
No, Aptivus cannot cure HIV. It helps to control the virus and manage the infection by lowering the viral load, but lifelong treatment is required to keep the virus in check.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Aptivus?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it’s almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not double up doses to make up for a missed one.
Is Aptivus safe during pregnancy?
Aptivus should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits justify the potential risks to the fetus. Discuss your treatment options with your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
Can I take Aptivus with food?
Yes, it is recommended to take Aptivus with food to improve absorption and reduce gastrointestinal side effects.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Aptivus Work?
Aptivus works by inhibiting the HIV-1 protease enzyme, which is necessary for the virus to replicate and produce new infectious viral particles. By blocking this enzyme, Aptivus prevents the virus from maturing, thus reducing the viral load in the patient’s bloodstream and helping to control the infection.
What is Aptivus Used For?
Common Dosages
- Capsules: 250 mg
- Oral solution: 100 mg/mL
Typical Dosing
- For adults: The typical dose is 500 mg (two 250 mg capsules) twice daily, taken with 200 mg of ritonavir.
- For children (aged 2 years and older), the dose is based on body weight, and the oral solution is often used to adjust the dosage appropriately.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- HIV-1 infection in treatment-experienced adults and children (aged 2 years and older) who have shown resistance to multiple protease inhibitors.
Who Shouldn't Take Aptivus?
- Known hypersensitivity to tipranavir or any components of the formulation
- Severe hepatic impairment
- Concurrent use with medications that are highly dependent on CYP3A4 for clearance and have a narrow therapeutic range, such as amiodarone or ergot derivatives, due to potential for severe drug interactions.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Aptivus should be taken with ritonavir to enhance its effectiveness. Always take both medications as prescribed by your doctor.
- Take Aptivus with food to improve absorption and reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.
- Store Aptivus capsules at room temperature and protect them from moisture. The oral solution should be stored in the refrigerator after opening and used within 60 days.
- Monitor liver function regularly while taking Aptivus, as it can cause liver toxicity.
Side Effects of Aptivus
Common Side Effects
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Rash
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Liver toxicity (hepatitis or liver failure)
- Intracranial hemorrhage (bleeding within the brain)
- Severe allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis or angioedema)
Risks and Warnings of Aptivus
- Liver toxicity: Aptivus has been associated with severe and potentially fatal liver problems. Regular monitoring of liver function is critical, particularly in patients with existing liver disease.
- Intracranial hemorrhage: Rare cases of bleeding within the brain have been reported, so caution is advised, especially in patients with other risk factors for bleeding.
- Drug interactions: Aptivus is metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme, meaning it can interact with a wide range of medications, including certain anticonvulsants, sedatives, and anticoagulants. Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications and supplements they are taking.
Interactions with Aptivus
Common Drug Interactions
- CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin): These drugs can reduce the effectiveness of Aptivus by increasing its metabolism.
- Anticoagulants: Medications like warfarin may require dosage adjustments when used with Aptivus, as it can alter clotting times.
- Oral contraceptives: Aptivus can reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills, so additional forms of contraception should be used.
Alternatives to Aptivus
- Prezista (darunavir): Another protease inhibitor used in combination with ritonavir for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in treatment-experienced patients.
- Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir): A combination of two protease inhibitors often used for patients with resistant HIV strains.
- Reyataz (atazanavir): A protease inhibitor that can be used with ritonavir or other boosting agents in the treatment of HIV.
