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Prezista
Prezista (darunavir) is an antiretroviral medication used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It is a protease inhibitor that helps prevent the replication of the virus by inhibiting the HIV protease enzyme, which is essential for the viral life cycle. Prezista is typically prescribed in combination with other antiretroviral agents to achieve effective viral suppression.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How quickly does Prezista start to work?
Patients may begin to see improvements in their viral load within a few weeks, but it may take longer to achieve optimal viral suppression depending on adherence and individual response.
Can I stop taking Prezista suddenly?
It is not advisable to stop taking Prezista abruptly without consulting your healthcare provider, as this may lead to a rebound in viral replication and development of resistance.
Are there any specific dietary restrictions while using Prezista?
Patients are advised to take Prezista with food to enhance absorption but there are no additional specific dietary restrictions.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Prezista?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up on doses.
Is Prezista safe for long-term use?
Prezista can be used long-term under medical supervision, but regular follow-up appointments are essential to monitor for efficacy, side effects, and overall health status, including liver function.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Prezista Work?
Darunavir works by binding to the active site of the HIV protease enzyme, preventing the cleavage of viral polyproteins into functional proteins necessary for viral assembly and maturation. This inhibition leads to the production of immature, non-infectious viral particles, effectively reducing viral load in the body.
Common Dosages
- Tablets: Common strengths include 75 mg, 150 mg, and 800 mg.
- Oral suspension: 100 mg/mL.
Typical Dosing
- The usual recommended dose for adults is 800 mg taken orally once daily, with food. For children, the dose is weight-based and may vary depending on age and specific formulations.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and pediatric patients aged 3 years and older, in combination with other antiretroviral agents.
Who Shouldn't Take Prezista?
- Known hypersensitivity to darunavir or any components of the formulation.
- Severe hepatic impairment or when used in conjunction with certain medications that are contraindicated due to significant drug interactions (e.g., certain anticonvulsants).
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Instruct patients to take Prezista exactly as prescribed, and to always take it with food to enhance absorption.
- Advise patients to adhere to their antiretroviral therapy regimen to maintain effective viral suppression and reduce the risk of developing drug resistance.
- Discuss the importance of regular monitoring for liver function, as darunavir is metabolized by the liver and can affect liver enzymes.
Side Effects of Prezista
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Rash
- Headache
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions (such as rash, itching, or difficulty breathing)
- Liver enzyme elevations, leading to hepatic toxicity
- Skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Risks and Warnings of Prezista
- Hepatic Toxicity: Regular monitoring of liver function tests is recommended, especially in patients with a history of liver disease.
- Allergic Reactions: Patients should be educated on recognizing signs of serious skin reactions or hypersensitivity and to seek immediate medical attention if these occur.
Interactions with Prezista
Common Drug Interactions
- CYP450 Interactions: Prezista is primarily metabolized by the liver (CYP3A4), and medications that induce or inhibit this enzyme can affect its levels. Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking.
- Other Antiretroviral Agents: When used in combination with other antiretrovirals, careful consideration of potential interactions is necessary to ensure efficacy and safety.
Alternatives to Prezista
- Other Protease Inhibitors: Alternatives may include other protease inhibitors such as atazanavir or lopinavir/ritonavir, depending on the patient's specific treatment needs and viral resistance patterns.
- Other Classes of Antiretrovirals: Consideration may be given to different classes such as integrase inhibitors or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors based on the treatment regimen.
