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Zonisamide
Zonisamide, belonging to a class of drugs called anticonvulsants, is used in the management of certain types of seizure disorders, such as epilepsy. Although not everybody experiences them, zonisamide can cause some potential side effects, including drowsiness, loss of appetite, nausea, and dizziness. As always, your healthcare provider will assess your situation and the potential benefits of the medication.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can I drink alcohol while taking zonisamide?
No, it's not a good idea. Alcohol can increase some of the side effects of zonisamide, like drowsiness and confusion.
I missed a dose of zonisamide, what should I do?
If it's near the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose, and get back on your regular schedule. Do not double your dose.
Can zonisamide affect my mood?
It can be possible in some cases if you notice any unusual mood changes or thoughts of hurting yourself, seek medical help immediately.
Can I stop using zonisamide when my symptoms improve?
No, do not abruptly stop taking this medication as it might lead to a resurgence of seizures. Always follow your doctor s advice regarding the course of medication.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Zonisamide Work?
Zonisamide works by dampening neuronal hyperexcitability, which occurs from an imbalance in inhibitory and excitatory transmissions in the brain, leading to epileptic seizures.
What is Zonisamide Used For?
FDA indications: Zonisamide is primarily used as an adjunct treatment in the management of partial seizures in adults with epilepsy.
Off-label uses: It may be used to treat other types of epilepsy and as a part of weight loss therapy.
Common Dosages
Capsules: 25mg, 50mg, 100mg
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- For FDA-approved indications:
- Epilepsy: The starting dose usually is 100mg per day, divided into two doses. Your doctor might increase the dose gradually.
Off-Label Uses
- For off-label uses:
- Weight loss: The dosages are individualized and should be directed by a physician.
Who Shouldn't Take Zonisamide?
- Have a known hypersensitivity to zonisamide or related drugs.
- Have kidney problems, like kidney stones.
- Have liver disease.
- Have a mood disorder like depression or bipolar disorder.
- Are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding (zonisamide can cause harm to the fetus and passes into breast milk).
- Are under the age of 16 (for seizures).
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Hydrate frequently. Zonisamide can increase your chance of getting kidney stones, so drinking lots of water can help.
- Don't skip doses. Missing doses can increase your chance of having a seizure.
- Be aware of your mood. Zonisamide has been associated with mood changes and suicidal thoughts in some people.
- Don't abruptly stop. This can trigger withdrawal seizures. Your doctor will slowly taper your dose if it needs to be discontinued.
- Avoid alcohol. It can increase the central nervous system side effects like drowsiness and difficulty concentrating.
Side Effects of Zonisamide
Common Side Effects
- You might feel a loss of appetite or nausea.
- You might feel sleepy, have difficulty concentrating, or experience memory problems.
- You might lose weight.
- You might get kidney stones, so keep hydrated.
- Your blood may become more acidic, called metabolic acidosis
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Rare side effects:
- Changes in mood or behavior.
- Suicidal thoughts.
Risks and Warnings of Zonisamide
- Zonisamide is not suitable for everyone and can cause various potential side effects.
- Avoid it if you have liver disease, as zonisamide may worsen the condition.
- If you have a mood disorder like depression or bipolar disorder, zonisamide may worsen your symptoms.
- Zonisamide should not be taken during pregnancy unless the benefits strongly outweigh the risks as it can harm the unborn baby.
- It should not be used while breastfeeding as it can pass into the breast milk.
- If there is a history of kidney stones, this medication can increase the chance of forming stones.
- For those under the age of 16, zonisamide should not be used for the treatment of seizures due to the risk of serious skin conditions.
Interactions with Zonisamide
Common Drug Interactions
- Carbamazepine
- Lamotrigine
- Phenytoin
- Topiramate
- Valproic acid
Common Food Interactions
- Avoid alcohol
- Staying well-hydrated can minimize potential side effects
Alternatives to Zonisamide
- Lamotrigine
- Gabapentin
- Levetiracetam
- Topiramate
- Carbamazepine
- Phenytoin
