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Vivotif
Vivotif is an oral typhoid vaccine used to prevent typhoid fever, a serious disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. It is indicated for individuals traveling to areas where typhoid fever is common or for those in close contact with individuals carrying the bacteria. Vivotif contains live, attenuated (weakened) Salmonella typhi bacteria, which help the body build immunity against the disease by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does the protection from Vivotif last?
Vivotif provides protection for about 5 years. After 5 years, a booster dose is recommended if you remain at risk for typhoid fever.
Can children take Vivotif?
Yes, Vivotif is approved for children aged 6 years and older.
Can I take Vivotif with food?
No, it’s important to take Vivotif on an empty stomach at least 1 hour before eating to ensure the vaccine is absorbed properly.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Vivotif?
If you miss a dose, take the missed capsule as soon as possible and continue the remaining doses every other day. Contact your healthcare provider if you are unsure about how to continue.
How soon before travel should I take Vivotif?
You should complete the full four-dose regimen at least 1 week before traveling to areas where typhoid fever is common to ensure full immunity.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Vivotif Work?
Vivotif works by introducing weakened Salmonella typhi bacteria into the body, which cannot cause typhoid fever but are strong enough to stimulate an immune response. The immune system recognizes the bacteria and produces antibodies that provide immunity. This immunity helps the body fight off future infections with Salmonella typhi.
Common Dosages
- One capsule taken every other day for a total of four doses (days 1, 3, 5, and 7).
Typical Dosing
- Take one capsule on an empty stomach with cold or lukewarm water, at least 1 hour before a meal, on days 1, 3, 5, and 7.
- The full course must be completed at least 1 week before potential exposure to typhoid fever.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Prevention of typhoid fever in individuals aged 6 years and older, especially those traveling to areas where typhoid fever is endemic.
Who Shouldn't Take Vivotif?
- Known hypersensitivity to Salmonella typhi or any component of the vaccine.
- Acute gastrointestinal illness or fever at the time of administration.
- Weakened immune systems (e.g., due to HIV, cancer treatment) without consulting a healthcare provider.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Store Vivotif in the refrigerator and ensure the capsules remain cold until taken. Do not freeze the capsules.
- Swallow the capsule whole with cold or lukewarm water. Do not chew or crush the capsule, as this may reduce the vaccine’s effectiveness.
- Complete the full four-dose regimen to ensure adequate immunity.
- If you are taking antibiotics, you should finish the course of antibiotics at least 72 hours before starting Vivotif, as antibiotics may interfere with the effectiveness of the vaccine.
Side Effects of Vivotif
Common Side Effects
- Abdominal discomfort or nausea
- Diarrhea
- Headache
- Fever
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions (e.g., rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
- Prolonged diarrhea or gastrointestinal upset
Risks and Warnings of Vivotif
- Live Vaccine: As Vivotif contains live bacteria, it should not be taken by individuals with compromised immune systems unless recommended by a healthcare provider.
- Gastrointestinal Distress: Some patients may experience mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea or diarrhea.
- Antibiotic Interaction: Vivotif may be less effective if taken while on antibiotics, as antibiotics can kill the weakened bacteria in the vaccine. Ensure antibiotics are completed at least 72 hours before starting the vaccine.
Interactions with Vivotif
Common Drug Interactions
- Antibiotics: Antibiotics may interfere with the live bacteria in Vivotif, reducing its effectiveness.
- Immunosuppressants: Individuals on medications that weaken the immune system (e.g., corticosteroids, cancer treatments) should consult with a healthcare provider before receiving Vivotif.
- Antimalarials: Some antimalarial drugs (e.g., chloroquine) may affect the vaccine's effectiveness. Discuss with your healthcare provider before starting antimalarial medications.
Alternatives to Vivotif
- Typhim Vi (injectable typhoid vaccine): An alternative typhoid vaccine given as a single injection for individuals unable to take oral vaccines or with contraindications to live vaccines.
- Other preventive measures: In addition to vaccination, practicing good hand hygiene, drinking only bottled or boiled water, and avoiding raw or undercooked food are crucial to preventing typhoid fever in endemic areas.
