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Victoza
Victoza (generic name: liraglutide) is an injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used to improve blood sugar control in adults and children aged 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It can also reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and strokes, in adults with type 2 diabetes and established heart disease. Victoza helps regulate blood sugar levels by enhancing insulin secretion, slowing down gastric emptying, and reducing appetite.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Victoza to start working?
Victoza starts lowering blood sugar levels within a few hours of the first dose, but it may take a few weeks of consistent use to see full benefits in blood sugar control.
Can Victoza help with weight loss?
Yes, many patients experience weight loss while taking Victoza due to its effects on appetite suppression and delayed gastric emptying. However, it is not specifically approved for weight loss.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Victoza?
If you miss a dose of Victoza, take it as soon as you remember. If it has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose, skip that dose and resume your normal schedule. Do not double the dose.
Can I take Victoza if I have type 1 diabetes?
No, Victoza is not approved for use in patients with type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis.
Does Victoza cause nausea?
Yes, nausea is a common side effect, especially when first starting Victoza or increasing the dose. It usually subsides after a few days or weeks as your body adjusts to the medication.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Victoza Work?
Victoza works by mimicking the action of the GLP-1 hormone, which is naturally released in response to food intake. It increases insulin secretion when blood sugar is high, suppresses glucagon secretion (a hormone that raises blood sugar), and slows gastric emptying, which helps control post-meal blood sugar spikes. Additionally, Victoza helps reduce appetite, which may aid in weight loss.
Common Dosages
- 18 mg/3 mL pre-filled injection pen (delivering doses of 0.6 mg, 1.2 mg, or 1.8 mg)
Typical Dosing
- Starting dose: 0.6 mg once daily for the first week to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.
- After one week, the dose is increased to 1.2 mg once daily.
- If additional blood sugar control is needed, the dose can be increased to 1.8 mg once daily.
- Victoza is administered subcutaneously in the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm, and it can be taken with or without food.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Improving blood sugar control in adults and children aged 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Reducing the risk of major cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease.
Who Shouldn't Take Victoza?
- Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2).
- Known hypersensitivity to liraglutide or any of its components.
- Type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Administer Victoza once daily at the same time each day, with or without food.
- Rotate injection sites to prevent irritation or lumps at the injection site.
- Store unused pens in the refrigerator, and after first use, you can store the pen at room temperature for up to 30 days.
- Monitor your blood sugar levels regularly, especially when starting or adjusting your dose.
- If you experience severe stomach pain, especially in the upper abdomen, stop using Victoza and seek medical attention, as this could indicate pancreatitis.
Side Effects of Victoza
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Decreased appetite
- Constipation
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Pancreatitis (severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting)
- Thyroid tumors, including medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)
- Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
- Kidney problems (worsening of kidney function)
Risks and Warnings of Victoza
- Risk of Thyroid Tumors: Victoza has been shown to cause thyroid C-cell tumors in animal studies. While the risk in humans is not fully known, avoid using Victoza in patients with a family or personal history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2).
- Pancreatitis: Victoza has been associated with cases of acute pancreatitis. Patients should discontinue the medication and seek medical attention if they experience symptoms of pancreatitis, such as severe abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting.
- Hypoglycemia: While Victoza does not typically cause low blood sugar on its own, the risk of hypoglycemia increases when it is used in combination with insulin or sulfonylureas.
Interactions with Victoza
Common Drug Interactions
- Insulin or sulfonylureas: These medications can increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with Victoza. Your healthcare provider may need to adjust the dose of these medications.
- Warfarin: Monitor for changes in blood clotting times (INR) when using Victoza with warfarin, as it may alter the absorption of warfarin.
- Oral medications: Victoza slows gastric emptying, which may affect the absorption of oral medications.
Alternatives to Victoza
- Ozempic (semaglutide): Another GLP-1 receptor agonist used to improve blood sugar control and reduce cardiovascular risks in patients with type 2 diabetes.
- Trulicity (dulaglutide): A once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist used for blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes.
- Byetta (exenatide): A short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist that helps manage blood sugar in type 2 diabetes.
- Januvia (sitagliptin): An oral DPP-4 inhibitor used for blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes.
