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Urea
Urea is a keratolytic and moisturizing agent commonly used in topical formulations to treat various skin conditions, including dry skin, eczema, psoriasis, keratosis pilaris, and ichthyosis. It works by softening the hardened or thickened skin and increasing the moisture content of the skin. Urea is often used in creams, lotions, or foams and is available in different strengths, depending on the severity of the skin condition being treated.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for urea to work?
Urea products typically start improving skin texture within a few days to a week of regular use. For more severe conditions, it may take several weeks of consistent use to see significant improvement.
Can I use urea on my face?
Yes, lower concentrations of urea (10%) can be used on the face for dry skin or mild exfoliation. However, higher concentrations (20% or more) may be too harsh for facial use. Always consult your healthcare provider if unsure.
Is urea safe for children?
Urea can be used in children with dry skin conditions, but it's important to use the correct concentration and follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations, especially for younger children.
Can urea be used for nail conditions?
Yes, urea is often used to treat thickened or damaged nails, helping to soften the nail for easier trimming. It can also help treat calluses and corns around the nail bed.
Can I use urea with other moisturizers?
Yes, urea can be used in conjunction with other moisturizers. It’s often beneficial to apply urea first to exfoliate and soften the skin, then follow up with an emollient to lock in moisture.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Urea Work?
Urea works by breaking down the keratin in the outer layer of the skin, which helps to exfoliate dead skin cells and soften thick, hardened skin. Additionally, urea acts as a humectant, drawing moisture into the skin and helping to retain it. This dual action helps reduce roughness, scaling, and irritation associated with dry skin conditions.
Common Dosages
- Urea 10% (commonly available OTC)
- Urea 20% (prescription-strength or OTC)
- Urea 40% (prescription-strength for more severe skin conditions)
Typical Dosing
- Apply a thin layer of urea cream, lotion, or foam to the affected areas once or twice daily or as directed by your healthcare provider.
- Gently massage the product into the skin until fully absorbed.
- Avoid applying to broken or irritated skin unless otherwise instructed by a healthcare provider.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Dry, scaly skin (xerosis)
- Eczema
- Psoriasis
- Keratosis pilaris
- Ichthyosis
- Nail problems such as thickened or ingrown nails
- Calluses and corns
Who Shouldn't Take Urea?
- Known hypersensitivity to urea or any of the other ingredients in the formulation.
- Open wounds or severely damaged skin, unless directed by a healthcare provider.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Apply urea products exactly as directed, and avoid overuse, especially with higher concentrations, as it may cause skin irritation.
- Wash and dry the affected area before applying urea products for better absorption.
- If you experience excessive irritation, redness, or discomfort, discontinue use and consult your healthcare provider.
- Avoid contact with the eyes, mouth, or mucous membranes. If contact occurs, rinse thoroughly with water.
- Store urea products at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.
Side Effects of Urea
Common Side Effects
- Mild skin irritation or redness
- Burning or stinging sensation upon application (usually temporary)
- Itching or peeling at the application site
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe skin irritation or allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
- Increased sensitivity to sunlight (in some formulations)
Risks and Warnings of Urea
- Skin Irritation: Higher concentrations of urea (20% and above) can sometimes cause skin irritation, particularly when applied to sensitive areas or broken skin. Discontinue use if irritation persists or worsens.
- Avoid Open Wounds: Do not apply urea to open wounds or severely irritated skin unless directed by a healthcare provider, as this may worsen irritation.
Interactions with Urea
Common Drug Interactions
- Urea has no known significant drug interactions when used topically. However, it is important to inform your healthcare provider about other topical medications you may be using, as combining products may increase skin irritation.
Alternatives to Urea
- Lactic Acid (Amlactin): Another keratolytic agent that can soften and exfoliate rough, dry skin.
- Salicylic Acid: Often used to treat rough skin, warts, and calluses by softening and exfoliating thickened areas.
- Glycolic Acid: A chemical exfoliant commonly used for skin smoothing and hydration.
- Prescription-Strength Moisturizers: Containing ceramides or other emollients for severe dry skin or eczema.
