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Potassium Citrate ER
Potassium Citrate ER (extended-release) is a urinary alkalinizer used to prevent certain types of kidney stones and to treat conditions that cause the urine to be too acidic, such as renal tubular acidosis. It works by increasing the pH of the urine, making it less acidic and helping to reduce the formation of calcium oxalate stones and uric acid stones. Potassium Citrate is often prescribed for individuals who are prone to kidney stones or have an imbalance in their body’s acid levels.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Potassium Citrate ER to work?
Potassium Citrate ER starts working to reduce urine acidity within a few hours of taking the first dose, but it may take days to weeks for full effectiveness in preventing kidney stones.
Can I crush or chew Potassium Citrate ER tablets?
No, you should not crush, chew, or break Potassium Citrate ER tablets, as this can disrupt the extended-release mechanism and cause side effects such as gastrointestinal irritation or hyperkalemia.
How often should I have my potassium levels checked while taking Potassium Citrate ER?
Your healthcare provider will regularly monitor your potassium levels and urine pH, especially when starting treatment, to ensure the medication is working properly and to avoid complications.
Can Potassium Citrate ER be used during pregnancy?
Potassium Citrate ER is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but it should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider who will monitor potassium levels closely.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Potassium Citrate ER?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the next one as scheduled. Do not double up on doses to make up for the missed one.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Potassium Citrate ER Work?
Potassium Citrate ER works by metabolizing to bicarbonate, which helps to reduce the acidity of the urine. This alkalinizes the urine, preventing the formation of certain types of kidney stones, including calcium oxalate and uric acid stones. It also helps the body excrete excess acid, improving conditions like renal tubular acidosis.
Common Dosages
- 10 mEq extended-release tablets
- 15 mEq extended-release tablets
Typical Dosing
- The usual starting dose is 10 to 30 mEq per day, divided into two or three doses depending on the individual’s condition and response to treatment.
- Dosages may be adjusted based on urine pH and citrate levels as monitored by the healthcare provider.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Prevention of kidney stones in individuals with hypocitraturia (low levels of citrate in the urine)
- Treatment of renal tubular acidosis
- Urinary alkalization for patients at risk of uric acid or cystine stone formation
Who Shouldn't Take Potassium Citrate ER?
- Hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels)
- Severe kidney dysfunction or kidney failure
- Untreated Addison's disease
- Dehydration
- Known hypersensitivity to potassium citrate or any of its components
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Potassium Citrate ER with meals or within 30 minutes after meals to reduce gastrointestinal irritation.
- Swallow the extended-release tablet whole; do not crush, chew, or break it, as this can interfere with the slow release of the medication and increase the risk of side effects.
- Monitor blood potassium levels and urine pH regularly as directed by your healthcare provider.
- Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day to help prevent kidney stones and ensure the medication works effectively.
Side Effects of Potassium Citrate ER
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Stomach pain
- Flatulence
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Hyperkalemia (symptoms include muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat)
- Severe stomach pain or intestinal ulceration
- Allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
Risks and Warnings of Potassium Citrate ER
- Hyperkalemia: Potassium Citrate can increase potassium levels in the blood, which can lead to dangerous conditions such as arrhythmias or cardiac arrest. Regular monitoring of potassium levels is essential.
- Gastrointestinal Risks: High doses or improper use of Potassium Citrate ER can cause gastrointestinal irritation, ulcers, or bleeding. It is important to take the medication as prescribed and not to crush or chew the tablets.
- Fluid Intake: Patients should drink plenty of fluids to reduce the risk of kidney stone formation and to prevent dehydration, especially during hot weather or strenuous activity.
Interactions with Potassium Citrate ER
Common Drug Interactions
- ACE inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril): May increase the risk of hyperkalemia.
- Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone): May lead to dangerously high potassium levels.
- NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen): May reduce kidney function and increase the risk of potassium buildup.
- Antacids: Some antacids containing aluminum or magnesium can interfere with the absorption of potassium.
Alternatives to Potassium Citrate ER
- Sodium bicarbonate: Another urinary alkalinizer used for similar conditions.
- Magnesium citrate: Sometimes used as a supplement for preventing kidney stones.
- Allopurinol: Used in combination with urinary alkalinizers to prevent uric acid stone formation.
