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PHENobarbital Sodium
PHENobarbital Sodium is a barbiturate that is used to treat seizures, manage sedation in certain medical conditions, and occasionally for treating anxiety or insomnia. As an anticonvulsant, it works by depressing the activity in the brain and nervous system, helping to prevent or control seizures in conditions such as epilepsy. It is also sometimes used to manage withdrawal symptoms from other medications.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for PHENobarbital Sodium to start working?
PHENobarbital begins to control seizures within 30 to 60 minutes after oral administration and works quickly when given intravenously or intramuscularly.
Can PHENobarbital Sodium be used long-term?
Yes, PHENobarbital is often used long-term to manage seizures, but regular monitoring is required to ensure its effectiveness and to minimize side effects such as dependency or cognitive impairment.
What should I do if I miss a dose of PHENobarbital Sodium?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it is close to the next scheduled dose. Do not double up on doses to make up for the missed one.
Can PHENobarbital Sodium cause withdrawal symptoms?
Yes, stopping PHENobarbital suddenly after long-term use can cause withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, tremors, or seizures. Always taper off the medication under medical supervision.
Is PHENobarbital safe for use in children?
Yes, PHENobarbital is often used in pediatric patients to control seizures, but the dose must be carefully adjusted based on the child’s weight and condition.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does PHENobarbital Sodium Work?
PHENobarbital Sodium works by enhancing the action of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), a neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve activity in the brain. By increasing GABA's effectiveness, PHENobarbital slows down brain activity, which helps control seizures and provides sedation. It also reduces the activity of glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter, further suppressing abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Common Dosages
- Injectable solution: Various strengths for intravenous or intramuscular administration
- Oral tablets: Common strengths include 15 mg, 30 mg, 60 mg, and 100 mg
Typical Dosing
- For seizures: The typical oral dosage for adults ranges from 60 to 200 mg per day in divided doses, depending on the severity of the condition.
- For sedation: The dose may vary from 30 to 120 mg, depending on the desired level of sedation.
- Dosing must be tailored to individual needs and adjusted based on therapeutic response and side effects.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Seizure disorders such as epilepsy (particularly generalized and partial seizures)
- Sedation for preoperative or procedural sedation
- Management of acute convulsive episodes
Who Shouldn't Take PHENobarbital Sodium?
- Severe respiratory depression
- Acute intermittent porphyria
- Known hypersensitivity to barbiturates
- Severe liver dysfunction
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take PHENobarbital Sodium exactly as prescribed. Do not increase the dose or frequency without consulting your healthcare provider.
- PHENobarbital can cause drowsiness and dizziness, so avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how it affects you.
- Avoid consuming alcohol while taking this medication, as it can increase the risk of side effects such as severe sedation or respiratory depression.
- Do not abruptly stop taking PHENobarbital if used for a long period, as this may lead to withdrawal symptoms. Tapering off the medication under medical supervision is recommended.
Side Effects of PHENobarbital Sodium
Common Side Effects
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Nausea
- Fatigue
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Respiratory depression
- Confusion or hallucinations
- Allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
- Dependency and withdrawal symptoms
Risks and Warnings of PHENobarbital Sodium
- Dependency and Abuse Potential: PHENobarbital Sodium has the potential for abuse and dependence. Use only as directed by your healthcare provider.
- Respiratory Depression: High doses or combining PHENobarbital with other sedatives or alcohol can cause life-threatening respiratory depression. Caution is needed in individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions.
- Cognitive Effects: Long-term use can cause cognitive impairment, including problems with memory and concentration.
Interactions with PHENobarbital Sodium
Common Drug Interactions
- CNS depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines, alcohol): Increased risk of severe sedation and respiratory depression.
- Oral contraceptives: May reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills.
- Warfarin: Can reduce the effectiveness of blood thinners, increasing the risk of clotting.
- Anticonvulsants: PHENobarbital may interact with other seizure medications, requiring dose adjustments.
Alternatives to PHENobarbital Sodium
- Phenytoin (Dilantin®): An anticonvulsant used to treat seizures.
- Valproic acid (Depakote®): Another antiepileptic medication used for various types of seizures.
- Clonazepam (Klonopin®): A benzodiazepine used for seizure control and anxiety.