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Paragard Intrauterine Copper
Paragard is a non-hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) used for long-term contraception. It is made of plastic and wrapped in a small amount of copper wire, which releases copper ions to prevent pregnancy. Unlike hormonal IUDs, Paragard does not rely on hormones to work, making it an option for individuals who prefer or cannot use hormonal birth control. It can provide effective contraception for up to 10 years. The copper in Paragard creates an environment in the uterus that is toxic to sperm, preventing fertilization.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How effective is Paragard in preventing pregnancy?
Paragard is over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy and works immediately upon insertion.
Can Paragard be used as emergency contraception?
Yes, Paragard can be used as emergency contraception if inserted within 5 days of unprotected intercourse.
How long can I use Paragard?
Paragard can be used for up to 10 years. It can be removed earlier if you no longer need contraception or if you're ready to become pregnant.
Does Paragard affect my menstrual cycle?
Yes, Paragard can cause heavier periods and more cramping, especially during the first few months of use. These symptoms often lessen over time.
Can Paragard be used by women who have not had children?
Yes, Paragard can be used by women regardless of whether they have had children, though insertion may be slightly more uncomfortable in women who have not given birth.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Paragard Intrauterine Copper Work?
Paragard works by releasing copper ions into the uterus, which create a spermicidal environment. The copper causes an inflammatory reaction in the endometrium (lining of the uterus) that is toxic to sperm, preventing sperm from reaching and fertilizing an egg. Additionally, Paragard may prevent implantation of a fertilized egg, although this is not its primary mechanism of action.
Common Dosages
rd is available as a single device with the following specifications:
- 380 square millimeters of copper surface area wrapped around a T-shaped plastic frame
- Inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider
Typical Dosing
- Paragard is a one-time insertion IUD that provides contraception for up to 10 years. It does not require daily, weekly, or monthly dosing.
- It can be removed at any time by a healthcare provider if contraception is no longer desired or if the 10-year period is nearing its end.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Contraception: Paragard is indicated for preventing pregnancy for up to 10 years.
Who Shouldn't Take Paragard Intrauterine Copper?
- Active pelvic infection (such as pelvic inflammatory disease)
- Uterine abnormalities that prevent proper IUD placement
- Unexplained vaginal bleeding
- Wilson's disease, a condition in which the body cannot properly metabolize copper
- Known or suspected pregnancy
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Paragard is effective immediately upon insertion, so no backup contraception is required.
- Paragard can be used as emergency contraception if inserted within 5 days of unprotected intercourse.
- Some users may experience heavier menstrual bleeding and cramping, especially in the first few months after insertion. Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen can help manage these symptoms.
- You should check for the IUD strings regularly to ensure the device remains in place. If you cannot feel the strings, contact your healthcare provider.
- Paragard does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Use condoms for STI prevention.
Side Effects of Paragard Intrauterine Copper
Common Side Effects
- Heavier periods
- Increased cramping during menstruation
- Spotting between periods
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), particularly in the first few weeks after insertion
- Perforation of the uterus, which can occur during insertion
- Expulsion of the IUD, where the device may partially or completely fall out of the uterus
Risks and Warnings of Paragard Intrauterine Copper
- Risk of Pelvic Infections: Paragard may increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, especially in the first 20 days after insertion. Women with multiple sexual partners or those with an active infection at the time of insertion may have a higher risk.
- Uterine Perforation: Although rare, the IUD can perforate the uterine wall during insertion. This is more likely in women who are breastfeeding or have recently given birth.
- Heavy Bleeding: Paragard can cause heavier periods and more intense cramping, which may be bothersome to some users. Over-the-counter pain relief may be needed.
Interactions with Paragard Intrauterine Copper
Common Drug Interactions
Paragard has no significant drug interactions, as it does not contain hormones and is a locally acting device. However, users should inform their healthcare provider of any medical conditions or treatments, particularly those affecting the reproductive system.
Alternatives to Paragard Intrauterine Copper
- Mirena (levonorgestrel-releasing IUD): A hormonal IUD that lasts for up to 6 years and may reduce menstrual bleeding.
- Kyleena (levonorgestrel-releasing IUD): A smaller, lower-dose hormonal IUD that provides contraception for up to 5 years.
- Liletta (levonorgestrel-releasing IUD): Another hormonal IUD option that provides contraception for up to 6 years.
- Condoms or other barrier methods: Non-hormonal contraceptives that provide protection against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.
