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Nitrofurantoin Monohyd Macro
Nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals is an antibiotic primarily used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by susceptible bacteria. It is effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, making it a common choice for uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How quickly does nitrofurantoin work?
Patients may start to notice improvement in UTI symptoms within 1 to 2 days of starting treatment.
Can I take nitrofurantoin with food?
Yes, taking nitrofurantoin with food can enhance absorption and reduce gastrointestinal discomfort.
What should I do if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule.
Are there any dietary restrictions while using nitrofurantoin?
There are no specific dietary restrictions while using nitrofurantoin.
Is nitrofurantoin safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
Consult your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or breastfeeding to discuss the risks and benefits of using nitrofurantoin during these periods.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Nitrofurantoin Monohyd Macro Work?
Nitrofurantoin works by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis and metabolism. It is activated by bacterial nitrofuran reductase, leading to the formation of reactive intermediates that damage bacterial DNA, proteins, and cell membranes, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.
Common Dosages
- Capsules: 100 mg.
Typical Dosing
- The usual dosage for adults and children over 12 years is 100 mg taken orally every 12 hours for 7 days. The duration of treatment may vary based on the specific infection and clinical response.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Urinary Tract Infections: for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria.
Who Shouldn't Take Nitrofurantoin Monohyd Macro?
- Known hypersensitivity to nitrofurantoin or any component of the formulation.
- Significant renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 60 mL/min).
- History of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction associated with nitrofurantoin.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take nitrofurantoin with food to improve absorption and reduce gastrointestinal side effects.
- Complete the full course of treatment even if symptoms improve before finishing the medication.
- Monitor for side effects, and report any signs of persistent or worsening symptoms to your healthcare provider.
Side Effects of Nitrofurantoin Monohyd Macro
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Headache
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Pulmonary toxicity (symptoms include cough, dyspnea)
- Hepatotoxicity (symptoms include jaundice)
- Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling).
Risks and Warnings of Nitrofurantoin Monohyd Macro
- Pulmonary Reactions: Monitor for respiratory symptoms; discontinuation may be necessary if pulmonary toxicity occurs.
- Renal Function: Use with caution in patients with renal impairment, and monitor renal function during treatment.
Interactions with Nitrofurantoin Monohyd Macro
Common Drug Interactions
- Antacids: Antacids containing magnesium trisilicate may reduce the absorption of nitrofurantoin; separate dosing by at least 2 hours.
- Other Antibiotics: Care should be taken when using other antibiotics to avoid potential interactions.
Alternatives to Nitrofurantoin Monohyd Macro
- Other Antibiotics: Such as trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or fosfomycin for UTIs.
- Urinary Antiseptics: Like phenazopyridine for symptomatic relief.
