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Kalbitor
Kalbitor, the brand name for ecallantide, is a medication used to treat acute attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE) in patients aged 12 years and older. HAE is a rare genetic disorder that causes recurrent episodes of severe swelling, particularly in the face, extremities, airways, and gastrointestinal tract. Kalbitor works by inhibiting plasma kallikrein, an enzyme that contributes to the overproduction of bradykinin, a substance that causes the swelling in HAE attacks.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How quickly does Kalbitor work?
Kalbitor typically begins to relieve symptoms of an acute HAE attack within hours of administration. Complete relief may take several hours.
Can I use Kalbitor at home?
Kalbitor must be administered by a healthcare professional in a clinical setting due to the risk of anaphylaxis. It is not approved for self-administration at home.
What should I do if I experience an allergic reaction to Kalbitor?
If you experience symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling, or rash, inform your healthcare provider immediately. Anaphylaxis is a serious condition requiring urgent medical attention.
Is Kalbitor used for the prevention of HAE attacks?
No, Kalbitor is used to treat acute HAE attacks. It is not intended for the long-term prevention of HAE. Your doctor may prescribe other medications to help prevent attacks.
How often can I receive Kalbitor for HAE attacks?
Kalbitor can be administered for each acute HAE attack, but it should not be used more frequently than directed by your healthcare provider. If attacks occur frequently, discuss with your doctor the possibility of preventative treatment options.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Kalbitor Work?
Kalbitor works by inhibiting plasma kallikrein, which is responsible for producing bradykinin. Bradykinin is a peptide that causes blood vessels to become leaky, leading to the swelling associated with hereditary angioedema. By blocking kallikrein, Kalbitor helps reduce the production of bradykinin and controls the swelling during acute HAE attacks.
Common Dosages
- 10 mg/mL solution for subcutaneous injection.
The typical dose for treating an acute HAE attack is 30 mg, administered as three 10 mg injections.
Typical Dosing
- For acute HAE attacks: The recommended dose is 30 mg administered subcutaneously as three 10 mg injections. These injections are typically given in different areas, such as the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE) in patients aged 12 years and older.
Who Shouldn't Take Kalbitor?
- Known hypersensitivity or allergy to ecallantide or any of the components of the formulation.
- History of anaphylaxis to Kalbitor, as the medication carries a risk of severe allergic reactions.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Kalbitor must be administered by a healthcare professional in a setting equipped to manage potential anaphylaxis. Always stay under observation for a period after the injection to ensure no serious reactions occur.
- If you experience tightness in your chest, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face or tongue after administration, inform your healthcare provider immediately as these may be signs of a serious allergic reaction.
- Kalbitor is used only during an acute HAE attack and is not intended for long-term prevention of HAE. Other medications may be prescribed for long-term management of the condition.
- Store Kalbitor in a refrigerator and allow it to reach room temperature before administration.
Side Effects of Kalbitor
Common Side Effects
- Headache
- Nausea
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Injection site reactions (redness, pain, or swelling)
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction, including difficulty breathing, rash, swelling, or throat tightness)
- Abdominal pain
- Hypersensitivity reactions that can occur even after the first dose.
Risks and Warnings of Kalbitor
- Anaphylaxis: Kalbitor carries a risk of serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, which may occur immediately after administration or within a few hours. Patients should remain under observation following the injection, and facilities for managing anaphylaxis must be available.
- Hypersensitivity Reactions: Because of the risk of hypersensitivity, Kalbitor should be administered only by a healthcare professional trained in managing allergic reactions.
Interactions with Kalbitor
Common Drug Interactions
- There are no significant known drug interactions with Kalbitor, but patients should always inform their healthcare provider of all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, prior to starting treatment.
Alternatives to Kalbitor
- Berinert: A C1 esterase inhibitor used for the treatment of acute HAE attacks, administered intravenously.
- Firazyr (icatibant): A bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist that can also be used to treat acute HAE attacks and is administered subcutaneously.
- Haegarda: A C1 esterase inhibitor used for prophylactic treatment of HAE.
