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cycloSERINE
CycloSERINE is an antibiotic used primarily in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and some urinary tract infections caused by certain bacterial strains. It is often reserved for use when first-line TB treatments have failed or in cases of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). CycloSERINE works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, which is essential for bacterial growth and replication. Due to its ability to penetrate tissues and the central nervous system, cycloSERINE is useful in treating TB that has spread to various parts of the body, including the brain.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long will I need to take cycloSERINE for tuberculosis treatment?
Tuberculosis treatment typically lasts for several months (often 6 to 9 months). CycloSERINE may be used for the entire treatment course or as part of a combination therapy with other anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Can I drink alcohol while taking cycloSERINE?
No, it is best to avoid alcohol while taking cycloSERINE, as it can increase the risk of seizures and worsen psychiatric symptoms.
What should I do if I miss a dose of cycloSERINE?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it’s close to your next dose. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one.
Can cycloSERINE be used in children?
Yes, cycloSERINE can be used in children for tuberculosis treatment, but the dosing will be adjusted based on the child’s weight and specific medical condition. Close monitoring is required to watch for side effects.
Are there any dietary restrictions while taking cycloSERINE?
There are no specific dietary restrictions, but it is advised to avoid alcohol. Eating a balanced diet and staying hydrated may help minimize gastrointestinal side effects.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does cycloSERINE Work?
CycloSERINE works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, specifically by interfering with the enzymes that form D-alanine, an essential component of the bacterial cell wall. By disrupting cell wall production, cycloSERINE weakens the bacteria, preventing growth and replication, which eventually leads to the death of the bacterial cells. This makes it effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis.
What is cycloSERINE Used For?
- Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)
- Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (including TB that affects the brain and central nervous system)
- Urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria, as an alternative treatment option
Common Dosages
CycloSERINE is available by prescription only and is not classified as a controlled substance. It is commonly supplied in capsule form for oral administration.
- Capsules: 250 mg
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- For tuberculosis (adults): The usual dose is 250 mg to 500 mg twice daily, depending on the severity of the infection and the patient’s response. Doses may be adjusted based on individual tolerance.
- For urinary tract infections: Dosing varies based on the specific infection and patient needs, with typical doses ranging from 250 mg to 500 mg daily.
Who Shouldn't Take cycloSERINE?
CycloSERINE should not be used in individuals with the following conditions:
- Hypersensitivity to cycloSERINE or any component of the formulation
- History of epilepsy or other seizure disorders
- Severe psychiatric disorders (cycloSERINE can exacerbate these conditions)
- Severe renal impairment
Advice From The Pharmacist
- CycloSERINE should be taken exactly as prescribed, usually twice daily. It can be taken with or without food, but taking it with food may help reduce stomach upset.
- Regular monitoring of kidney and liver function is recommended while taking cycloSERINE, as the drug can have toxic effects on these organs.
- Avoid alcohol while taking cycloSERINE, as it can increase the risk of seizures and other central nervous system side effects.
- If you experience new or worsening mental health symptoms, such as depression, confusion, or hallucinations, contact your healthcare provider immediately.
Side Effects of cycloSERINE
Common Side Effects
- Drowsiness or dizziness
- Headache
- Nausea
- Restlessness or irritability
- Tremors
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Seizures
- Depression or suicidal thoughts
- Confusion or hallucinations
- Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing)
Risks and Warnings of cycloSERINE
Risk of Seizures: CycloSERINE can lower the seizure threshold, especially in patients with a history of seizures or in those who consume alcohol. Seizures are more likely at higher doses or if kidney function is impaired. Regular monitoring is important for these patients.
Psychiatric Effects: CycloSERINE may cause or worsen psychiatric symptoms, including depression, confusion, and suicidal thoughts. Patients with a history of mental health disorders should be closely monitored.
Toxicity: CycloSERINE can cause neurotoxicity (damage to the nervous system) and should be used with caution in patients with kidney disease, as the drug is primarily eliminated through the kidneys.
Interactions with cycloSERINE
Common Drug Interactions
- Anticonvulsants: CycloSERINE may decrease the effectiveness of anticonvulsant medications, increasing the risk of seizures.
- Psychotropic drugs: Combining cycloSERINE with antipsychotics, antidepressants, or other CNS-active medications can increase the risk of side effects, including confusion, drowsiness, and mental health disturbances.
Common Food Interactions
- Alcohol: Alcohol can increase the risk of seizures and worsen psychiatric symptoms when taken with cycloSERINE.
Alternatives to cycloSERINE
- Isoniazid (INH): A first-line antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis.
- Rifampin: Another first-line antibiotic for tuberculosis, often used in combination with isoniazid.
- Ethambutol: A medication used in combination with other drugs for treating active tuberculosis.
- Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin: Antibiotics used as alternatives for resistant strains of tuberculosis.
