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Cetirizine HCl
Cetirizine HCl is an antihistamine commonly used to relieve symptoms associated with allergies, including hay fever (allergic rhinitis) and urticaria (hives). It works by blocking histamine receptors, which helps reduce allergy symptoms such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose. Cetirizine is available over the counter and is known for causing less drowsiness than older antihistamines, although it can still cause mild sedation in some individuals.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Cetirizine to start working?
Cetirizine typically starts working within 1 hour of taking it, and its effects last for 24 hours, making it a convenient once-daily medication.
Can I take Cetirizine with other allergy medications?
In most cases, Cetirizine should not be taken with other antihistamines, as this could increase the risk of side effects. However, it may be combined with other allergy treatments like nasal sprays or eye drops. Consult your healthcare provider before combining medications.
Is Cetirizine safe for long-term use?
Yes, Cetirizine is considered safe for long-term use, especially for managing chronic allergies or urticaria. However, you should consult your healthcare provider if you need to take it for extended periods.
Does Cetirizine cause drowsiness?
While Cetirizine is considered less sedating than first-generation antihistamines, it can still cause drowsiness in some people. If drowsiness occurs, consider taking the dose in the evening.
Can I drink alcohol while taking Cetirizine?
It is not recommended to drink alcohol while taking Cetirizine, as alcohol can enhance the sedative effects and increase the risk of drowsiness.
Is Cetirizine safe during pregnancy?
Cetirizine is classified as Category B by the FDA, meaning there are no proven risks in humans, but you should always consult your healthcare provider before using it during pregnancy.
Can Cetirizine be used for food allergies?
Cetirizine is not typically used to treat food allergies. It is mainly used for environmental allergens and hives. For severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), an epinephrine injection (EpiPen) is the appropriate treatment.
Can I give Cetirizine to my child?
Yes, Cetirizine is available in formulations suitable for children aged 2 years and older. Always use the appropriate pediatric dose as prescribed or directed by a healthcare provider.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Cetirizine HCl Work?
Cetirizine works by selectively blocking H1 histamine receptors in the body. Histamine is a chemical released during an allergic reaction, which causes symptoms like itching, swelling, and mucus production. By inhibiting histamine's action, cetirizine reduces these allergy symptoms without significantly crossing the blood-brain barrier, thus causing less drowsiness compared to older antihistamines.
What is Cetirizine HCl Used For?
Cetirizine is indicated to relieve symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria (hives).
While not explicitly approved by the FDA for these off-label uses, cetirizine may also be used to treat symptoms of pet allergies, dust mite allergies, and, in some cases, mild cases of asthma.
Common Dosages
- Tablets: 5 mg, 10 mg
- Liquid Gel Capsules: 10 mg
- Syrup: 5 mg/5 mL
- Chewable Tablets: 5 mg, 10 mg
- Adults and children 6 years and older:
- 10 mg once daily.
- Some individuals may start with 5 mg if they are sensitive to medications or experience drowsiness.
- Children 2 to 5 years:
- 2.5 mg to 5 mg once daily, depending on the child's weight and response to the medication.
Typical Dosing
- Administration: Cetirizine can be taken with or without food. It is usually taken once daily and should be taken at the same time each day for consistent relief.
- Frequency: Once daily is typical, but for children or those with mild symptoms, a lower dose (5 mg) may be used initially.
- Duration of Use: Cetirizine can be used both short-term for acute allergy symptoms or long-term for chronic conditions like perennial allergic rhinitis or hives.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever): Symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes.
- Perennial Allergic Rhinitis: Year-round allergy symptoms caused by dust, mold, or pet dander.
- Chronic Urticaria (Hives): Relief of itching and rash associated with chronic hives.
Off-Label Uses
For pet or dust mite allergies, the dosing would typically follow the same guidelines as for seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria, but always consult a healthcare provider for the appropriate dose and usage.
Who Shouldn't Take Cetirizine HCl?
- Hypersensitivity to cetirizine, hydroxyzine, or any other components of the drug.
- Severe kidney disease, as cetirizine is excreted through the kidneys and dosage adjustments may be required for individuals with moderate kidney impairment.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take it once daily as needed for allergy symptoms, ideally at the same time each day.
- Be cautious if taking other medications that may cause drowsiness, as Cetirizine can cause mild sedation in some individuals.
- Avoid alcohol or other sedatives while taking Cetirizine, as these can enhance the sedative effects.
- Inform their healthcare provider if they have a history of liver or kidney disease, as dose adjustments may be necessary.
- If symptoms persist or worsen despite taking Cetirizine, consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation.
Side Effects of Cetirizine HCl
Common Side Effects
- Drowsiness or fatigue (although less than first-generation antihistamines).
- Dry mouth
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Stomach pain (in some cases)
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe Allergic Reaction (Anaphylaxis): Symptoms include rash, itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing.
- Urinary retention: Difficulty urinating, particularly in individuals with enlarged prostate or other urinary problems.
Risks and Warnings of Cetirizine HCl
- Drowsiness: While Cetirizine is less sedating than first-generation antihistamines, some individuals may still experience drowsiness. Caution should be used when driving or operating machinery until the effects are known.
- Kidney Impairment: Patients with moderate to severe kidney disease may require dose adjustments or should avoid using Cetirizine. It is important to consult a healthcare provider if kidney function is impaired.
- Alcohol and Sedatives: Avoid consuming alcohol or other sedative medications while taking Cetirizine, as they may increase the risk of drowsiness and other side effects.
Interactions with Cetirizine HCl
Common Drug Interactions
- CNS depressants (like benzodiazepines, opioids, or barbiturates)
- Theophylline
Alternatives to Cetirizine HCl
- Loratadine (Claritin): Another second-generation antihistamine that provides similar relief with minimal drowsiness.
- Fexofenadine (Allegra): A non-drowsy antihistamine that is less likely to cause sedation.
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl): A first-generation antihistamine with more potent sedative effects, used for more severe allergic reactions or short-term use.
- Levocetirizine (Xyzal): A stronger, enantiomeric form of Cetirizine, which may be better for chronic hives or severe allergies.
