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Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl
Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl is a combination medication used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. It combines two active ingredients: alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, and metformin, a biguanide. This combination helps to improve blood sugar control in adults when diet and exercise alone are insufficient. Alogliptin works by increasing insulin release and decreasing glucose production in the liver, while metformin reduces glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity.
Drug Availability and Controlled Substance Status
Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl is available in oral tablet form with various dosage combinations, including 12.5 mg/500 mg and 12.5 mg/1000 mg (alogliptin/metformin). It is not classified as a controlled substance, making it available with a prescription without the regulatory restrictions that apply to controlled drugs.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl be taken with other diabetes medications?
Yes, Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl can be used with other diabetes medications, such as insulin or sulfonylureas. However, careful monitoring for hypoglycemia is necessary, and dose adjustments may be required.
How should Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl be stored?
Store Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Ensure that it is kept out of reach of children and pets.
Is Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl safe during pregnancy?
There is limited data on the use of Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl during pregnancy. It should only be used if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Consult your healthcare provider for advice.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is close to the time for your next dose. Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed one.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl Work?
Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl works through two complementary mechanisms. Alogliptin inhibits the enzyme DPP-4, prolonging the action of incretin hormones that increase insulin release and reduce glucagon levels in response to meals. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production, reduces intestinal absorption of glucose, and enhances insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. Together, these actions help to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
What is Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl Used For?
Common Dosages
Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl is commonly available in the following dosage combinations:
- 12.5 mg/500 mg tablets (alogliptin/metformin)
- 12.5 mg/1000 mg tablets (alogliptin/metformin)
Typical Dosing
The typical dosing for Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl is:
- Adults: Start with 12.5 mg/500 mg or 12.5 mg/1000 mg twice daily, taken with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. The dosage may be adjusted based on glycemic control and tolerability.
Elderly: Dose adjustments may be required based on renal function.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl is FDA-approved for the treatment of:
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus, as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults when single-agent therapy is insufficient.
Off-Label Uses
There are no widely recognized off-label uses for this combination medication.
Who Shouldn't Take Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl?
Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl should not be used in patients with:
- Severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis
- Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis
- Hypersensitivity to alogliptin, metformin, or any of the components of the drug
- Severe liver impairment
Advice From The Pharmacist
Patients taking Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl should:
- Take the medication with meals to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.
- Monitor blood sugar levels regularly and report any significant changes to their healthcare provider.
- Be aware of the symptoms of lactic acidosis, a rare but serious side effect of metformin, such as unusual muscle pain, trouble breathing, and abdominal pain.
- Avoid excessive alcohol consumption, as it can increase the risk of lactic acidosis.
Side Effects of Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl
Common Side Effects
Common side effects of Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl include:
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Upper respiratory tract infection
- Headache
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
Serious side effects may include:
- Lactic acidosis (a rare but serious complication associated with metformin)
- Pancreatitis
- Hepatotoxicity (liver injury)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis, angioedema)
Risks and Warnings of Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl
Major risks and warnings associated with Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl include:
- Lactic Acidosis: Metformin can cause a rare but serious condition called lactic acidosis, particularly in patients with kidney problems, dehydration, or excessive alcohol use. Symptoms include rapid breathing, abdominal pain, and fatigue.
- Pancreatitis: Alogliptin has been associated with an increased risk of pancreatitis. Patients should be monitored for signs and symptoms, and the drug should be discontinued if pancreatitis is suspected.
- Renal Function Monitoring: Renal function should be assessed before starting therapy and periodically thereafter, as metformin is contraindicated in severe renal impairment.
Interactions with Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl
Common Drug Interactions
Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl may interact with:
- Insulin and Sulfonylureas: Increased risk of hypoglycemia. Dose adjustments may be needed.
- Cationic drugs (e.g., ranitidine, amiloride): May compete for renal tubular transport with metformin, leading to increased plasma levels.
- Alcohol: Can potentiate the effect of metformin on lactate metabolism, increasing the risk of lactic acidosis.
Patients should maintain open communication with their healthcare provider regarding all medications, supplements, and herbal products they are taking.
Alternatives to Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl
Alternative medications to Alogliptin-metFORMIN HCl include:
- Sitagliptin-metformin (Janumet): Another DPP-4 inhibitor and metformin combination used for type 2 diabetes.
- Pioglitazone-metformin: A combination of a thiazolidinedione and metformin for managing blood sugar levels.
- GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., liraglutide, exenatide): Another class of drugs that can be used with or instead of metformin for glycemic control.
