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Alogliptin Benzoate
Alogliptin Benzoate is the generic version of the brand name drug Nesina. It is prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, typically as an adjunct to diet and exercise. Alogliptin belongs to the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class of drugs, which help regulate blood sugar levels by increasing insulin release and decreasing the production of glucose in the liver. This medication is often used alone or in combination with other antidiabetic agents to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Drug Availability and Controlled Substance Status
Alogliptin Benzoate is available in oral tablet form with strengths of 6.25 mg, 12.5 mg, and 25 mg. It is not classified as a controlled substance, making it available with a prescription without the regulatory restrictions that apply to controlled drugs.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can Alogliptin Benzoate be taken with other diabetes medications?
Yes, Alogliptin is often used in combination with other diabetes medications, such as metformin or insulin, to improve blood sugar control. However, it is important to monitor for hypoglycemia and adjust dosages as needed.
How should Alogliptin Benzoate be stored?
Store Alogliptin Benzoate at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it out of reach of children and pets.
Is Alogliptin Benzoate safe during pregnancy?
There is limited data on the use of Alogliptin during pregnancy. It should only be used if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Consult your healthcare provider for advice.
How long does it take for Alogliptin Benzoate to start working?
Alogliptin begins to work within a few hours of taking the dose, but it may take several weeks to see the full effect on blood sugar levels.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Alogliptin Benzoate Work?
Alogliptin Benzoate works by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which is responsible for breaking down incretin hormones. These hormones increase insulin release and decrease glucagon levels in response to meals, thereby reducing blood glucose levels. By inhibiting DPP-4, Alogliptin prolongs the action of incretin hormones, leading to improved control of blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
What is Alogliptin Benzoate Used For?
Common Dosages
Alogliptin Benzoate is commonly available in the following dosages:
- 6.25 mg tablets
- 12.5 mg tablets
- 25 mg tablets
Typical Dosing
The typical dosing for Alogliptin Benzoate is:
- Adults: 25 mg once daily, with or without food. The dosage may be adjusted in patients with renal impairment based on their kidney function.
- Elderly: No dose adjustment is necessary solely based on age, but renal function should be monitored.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
Alogliptin Benzoate is FDA-approved for the treatment of:
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus, as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control
Off-Label Uses
There are no widely recognized off-label uses for Alogliptin Benzoate.
Who Shouldn't Take Alogliptin Benzoate?
Alogliptin Benzoate should not be used in patients with:
- Hypersensitivity to Alogliptin or any of its components
- Severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Advice From The Pharmacist
Patients taking Alogliptin Benzoate should:
- Take the medication as prescribed, usually once daily with or without food.
- Monitor blood sugar levels regularly and report any significant changes to their healthcare provider.
- Be aware of the symptoms of pancreatitis (e.g., severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting) and seek medical attention immediately if they occur.
- Discuss all medications, supplements, and herbal products with their healthcare provider to avoid potential drug interactions.
Side Effects of Alogliptin Benzoate
Common Side Effects
Common side effects of Alogliptin Benzoate include:
- Nasopharyngitis (common cold)
- Headache
- Upper respiratory tract infection
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
Serious side effects may include:
- Pancreatitis
- Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis, angioedema)
- Hepatotoxicity (liver injury)
Risks and Warnings of Alogliptin Benzoate
Major risks and warnings associated with Alogliptin Benzoate include:
- Pancreatitis: Alogliptin has been associated with an increased risk of pancreatitis. Patients should be monitored for signs and symptoms, and the drug should be discontinued if pancreatitis is suspected.
- Hepatic Impairment: Rare cases of liver injury have been reported with the use of Alogliptin. Liver function should be monitored, and the drug should be discontinued if liver abnormalities occur.
Hypoglycemia: When used in combination with insulin or insulin secretagogues, there is an increased risk of hypoglycemia. Dose adjustments may be necessary to prevent low blood sugar.
Interactions with Alogliptin Benzoate
Common Drug Interactions
Alogliptin Benzoate may interact with:
- Insulin and Sulfonylureas: Increased risk of hypoglycemia. Dose adjustments may be needed.
- CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein inducers: May reduce the effectiveness of Alogliptin.
- Digoxin: Alogliptin may increase digoxin levels. Monitoring is advised.
No significant food interactions have been reported with Alogliptin Benzoate, but patients should maintain a consistent diet to help manage blood sugar levels.
Alternatives to Alogliptin Benzoate
Alternative medications to Alogliptin Benzoate include:
- Sitagliptin (Januvia): Another DPP-4 inhibitor used for type 2 diabetes.
- Metformin: A first-line medication for type 2 diabetes that can be used alone or in combination with Alogliptin.
- GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., liraglutide, exenatide): Another class of drugs that improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
