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Alinia
Alinia, the brand name for nitazoxanide, is an antiparasitic and antiviral medication used to treat certain intestinal infections caused by parasites. It is primarily prescribed for treating diarrhea caused by Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum in both children and adults. Nitazoxanide works by interfering with the energy production of the parasites, helping the body clear the infection. It is especially helpful for patients with compromised immune systems who are more susceptible to severe parasitic infections.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What should I do if I miss a dose of Alinia?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, but skip it if your next dose is soon. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Can I take Alinia with food?
Yes, it is recommended to take Alinia with food to improve its absorption and reduce potential side effects like stomach upset.
How long does it take for Alinia to work?
Alinia typically starts working within a few days, but it’s important to complete the entire course of treatment, usually 3 days, to ensure the infection is fully cleared.
Is Alinia safe for children?
Yes, Alinia is FDA-approved for children as young as 1 year old for the treatment of parasitic infections like giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis. Dosing for children is based on weight.
Can I take Alinia if I’m pregnant?
The safety of Alinia during pregnancy has not been fully established. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, consult your healthcare provider before taking this medication.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Alinia Work?
Alinia works by inhibiting an enzyme essential for the energy metabolism of certain parasites, disrupting their ability to grow and reproduce. By targeting the energy production processes within parasites, nitazoxanide weakens and eventually eliminates them from the body, allowing the immune system to clear the infection. This mechanism makes Alinia effective in treating parasitic infections like Cryptosporidium and Giardia.
Common Dosages
- Tablets: Usually available in a strength of 500 mg.
- Oral suspension: Typically available in a concentration of 100 mg/5 mL.
Typical Dosing
- For adults and children over 12 years: The usual dosage is 500 mg taken orally twice daily for 3 days.
- For children aged 1 to 11 years: The dosage is based on body weight and is typically administered as 10 mg/kg taken orally twice daily for 3 days, not exceeding the adult dose.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Treatment of diarrhea caused by Giardia lamblia.
- Treatment of diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum.
- In some cases, it may be used off-label for other parasitic infections.
Who Shouldn't Take Alinia?
- Known hypersensitivity or allergy to nitazoxanide or any ingredients in the formulation.
- Individuals with severe liver disease should consult their healthcare provider, as the medication is processed through the liver.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Alinia exactly as prescribed, and complete the full course of treatment even if symptoms improve early.
- It can be taken with or without food; however, taking it with food may help reduce gastrointestinal upset.
- Be aware of potential side effects and report any severe reactions to your healthcare provider.
Side Effects of Alinia
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Stomach pain or upset
- Headache
- Diarrhea
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions (such as rash, itching, swelling of the face or throat)
- Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), which could indicate liver problems
Risks and Warnings of Alinia
- Alinia is generally well tolerated, but individuals with liver disease should use it with caution, as the drug is metabolized by the liver. In rare cases,
- Alinia may cause an increase in liver enzymes, which should be monitored by your healthcare provider if you have liver issues.
- Always inform your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, as the safety of Alinia during pregnancy and lactation has not been fully established.
Interactions with Alinia
Common Drug Interactions
- Anticoagulants (such as warfarin), which can alter their effectiveness.
- Immunosuppressive drugs, though interactions are rare, as nitazoxanide has limited systemic absorption.
Alternatives to Alinia
- Metronidazole (used to treat giardiasis and amebiasis)
- Tinidazole (another antiparasitic for giardiasis and amebiasis)
- Paromomycin (used for certain parasitic infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals)
