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Actos
Actos (generic name: pioglitazone) is an oral diabetes medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It belongs to the thiazolidinedione drug class, which helps improve blood sugar control by increasing the body's sensitivity to insulin. Actos is typically prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes diet and exercise, and it helps prevent complications related to high blood sugar levels, such as kidney damage, nerve issues, and eye problems.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Actos to lower blood sugar?
It may take several weeks to see the full effects of Actos on your blood sugar levels, so patience is key.
Can Actos cause weight gain?
Yes, weight gain is a common side effect of Actos, often due to fluid retention. It's important to monitor your weight regularly.
Can Actos be used with other diabetes medications?
Yes, Actos is often used in combination with other diabetes medications, such as metformin, sulfonylureas, or insulin, to improve blood sugar control.
Does Actos increase the risk of heart failure?
Actos can increase the risk of heart failure, especially in patients with preexisting heart conditions. It's important to discuss your heart health with your doctor before starting this medication.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Actos?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the next one as scheduled. Do not take extra doses to make up for a missed dose.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Actos Work?
Actos works by reducing insulin resistance in the body's tissues, allowing the cells to use insulin more effectively. It does this by binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the cells, which leads to increased glucose uptake and a decrease in glucose production by the liver. This helps to lower blood sugar levels and improves glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Common Dosages
- Tablets: 15 mg, 30 mg, and 45 mg
Typical Dosing
- The usual starting dose for adults with type 2 diabetes is 15 mg or 30 mg once daily. The dose may be adjusted up to 45 mg once daily depending on the patient's response and blood sugar levels.
- Actos can be taken with or without food.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve glycemic control in adults, either alone or in combination with other diabetes medications such as metformin, sulfonylureas, or insulin.
Who Shouldn't Take Actos?
- Heart failure, particularly in patients with NYHA Class III or IV heart failure
- Severe liver disease
- Known hypersensitivity to pioglitazone or any component of the formulation
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Actos exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider, and monitor your blood sugar levels regularly to ensure the medication is working effectively.
- Actos may take a few weeks to fully lower blood sugar, so do not stop taking the medication if you don't see immediate results.
- Watch for signs of fluid retention, such as swelling in your legs or sudden weight gain, as this may indicate worsening heart failure.
- Regular liver function tests may be required, as Actos can affect the liver.
- Follow your diabetes management plan, which should include a healthy diet and exercise regimen.
Side Effects of Actos
Common Side Effects
- Upper respiratory infections
- Headaches
- Weight gain
- Edema (fluid retention)
- Muscle pain
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Congestive heart failure
- Liver damage
- Increased risk of bladder cancer (with long-term use)
- Bone fractures, particularly in women
Risks and Warnings of Actos
- Heart Failure Risk: Actos can cause or worsen congestive heart failure in some patients. It should be used with caution, particularly in those with a history of heart disease.
- Bladder Cancer: Some studies suggest a potential increased risk of bladder cancer with long-term use of Actos, particularly in higher doses. Regular monitoring may be required.
- Liver Function: Actos can affect liver function, and liver enzyme levels should be monitored during treatment.
Interactions with Actos
Common Drug Interactions
- Insulin: Combining Actos with insulin may increase the risk of heart failure.
- Oral Contraceptives: Actos may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, so additional birth control methods may be necessary.
- Gemfibrozil: This cholesterol-lowering medication may increase the effects of Actos, potentially leading to low blood sugar.
- Rifampin: This antibiotic may reduce the effectiveness of Actos by speeding up its metabolism.
Alternatives to Actos
- Metformin: A first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes that reduces glucose production in the liver.
- Sulfonylureas: Medications like glipizide or glyburide that stimulate insulin production.
- DPP-4 Inhibitors such as Januvia (sitagliptin) and Onglyza (saxagliptin), which help regulate blood sugar levels.
- SGLT2 Inhibitors such as Invokana (canagliflozin) and Farxiga (dapagliflozin), which help the kidneys remove excess glucose through urine.
