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Valcyte
Valcyte (generic name: valGANciclovir) is an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent infections caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing organ transplants or individuals with HIV/AIDS. It is most commonly prescribed to prevent CMV infections in kidney, heart, and other solid organ transplant recipients, as well as to treat CMV retinitis, a serious eye infection in patients with AIDS. Valcyte is a prodrug of ganciclovir, meaning it is converted into ganciclovir in the body to inhibit viral replication.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long do I need to take Valcyte after a transplant?
Valcyte is typically prescribed for 100 days after a transplant to prevent CMV infection. In high-risk kidney transplant patients, it may be taken for up to 200 days.
Can Valcyte cure CMV infection?
Valcyte does not cure CMV infection but helps control the virus and prevent it from causing serious complications in people with weakened immune systems.
Can Valcyte affect fertility?
Yes, Valcyte can reduce sperm production in men, potentially affecting fertility. Men should use contraception during and for at least 90 days after treatment.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Valcyte?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is close to the time of your next dose. Do not double up on doses.
Is Valcyte safe during pregnancy?
Valcyte is not recommended during pregnancy, as it can cause harm to the fetus. Women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception during treatment, and men should use contraception for at least 90 days after treatment.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Valcyte Work?
Valcyte works by converting into ganciclovir in the body. Ganciclovir inhibits viral DNA polymerase, which blocks the replication of cytomegalovirus (CMV). This helps control CMV infections and reduces viral load, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems, preventing the virus from multiplying and causing serious complications.
What is Valcyte Used For?
Common Dosages
- 450 mg oral tablets.
- Oral solution (50 mg/mL) for pediatric patients or those who cannot swallow tablets.
Typical Dosing
- For CMV prevention in transplant recipients: The usual dose is 900 mg once daily, starting within 10 days post-transplant and continuing for 100 days (or up to 200 days in high-risk kidney transplant patients).
- For CMV retinitis treatment: The initial dose is 900 mg twice daily for 21 days, followed by a maintenance dose of 900 mg once daily.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in kidney, heart, or other solid organ transplant recipients.
- Treatment of CMV retinitis (an eye infection caused by CMV) in patients with AIDS.
Who Shouldn't Take Valcyte?
- Hypersensitivity to valGANciclovir, ganciclovir, or any components of the medication.
- Severe neutropenia, anemia, or thrombocytopenia, as valGANciclovir can worsen these conditions.
- Pregnancy, as Valcyte can cause birth defects and harm the fetus.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Valcyte with food to improve absorption and reduce the risk of stomach upset.
- Regular blood tests are required to monitor kidney function, white blood cell counts, and platelet levels while taking Valcyte.
- Do not break or crush the Valcyte tablets, as the medication can be harmful if it comes into contact with your skin or mucous membranes.
- Store Valcyte tablets at room temperature and the oral solution in the refrigerator. Keep it out of reach of children and pets.
Side Effects of Valcyte
Common Side Effects
- Nausea or vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Abdominal pain
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Bone marrow suppression, leading to anemia, neutropenia (low white blood cell count), or thrombocytopenia (low platelet count).
- Kidney problems (reduced urine output, swelling, or fatigue).
- Fertility issues (Valcyte may affect sperm production in men).
Risks and Warnings of Valcyte
- Bone Marrow Suppression: Valcyte can cause severe blood disorders, including anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Regular blood monitoring is necessary, and dose adjustments may be required based on blood cell counts.
- Kidney Impairment: Valcyte is eliminated through the kidneys, and individuals with kidney problems may require dose adjustments. Close monitoring of kidney function is essential.
- Reproductive Toxicity: Valcyte can cause fertility problems in both men and women. Men should use contraception during treatment and for at least 90 days after stopping Valcyte due to potential sperm toxicity.
Interactions with Valcyte
Common Drug Interactions
- Immunosuppressants (e.g., mycophenolate mofetil): Using Valcyte with immunosuppressants may increase the risk of low white blood cell counts and other blood disorders.
- Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., NSAIDs, aminoglycosides): These medications can increase the risk of kidney damage when used together with Valcyte.
- Zidovudine: Combining Valcyte with zidovudine can increase the risk of bone marrow suppression, leading to anemia or neutropenia.
Alternatives to Valcyte
- Ganciclovir: The active form of Valcyte, available as an intravenous formulation for more severe CMV infections.
- Foscarnet: Another antiviral used to treat CMV infections, particularly in patients who are resistant to ganciclovir.
- Cidofovir: Used to treat CMV retinitis and other serious CMV infections in immunocompromised patients.
