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Trizivir
Trizivir is a combination antiretroviral medication used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It contains three active ingredients: abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine. These drugs work together to prevent the replication of the HIV virus, reducing viral load and slowing the progression of HIV. Trizivir is generally used as part of a combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen, particularly for patients who require all three medications in one tablet.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Trizivir to start working?
Trizivir works to reduce the viral load, but it may take several weeks to see significant decreases in viral levels. Regular monitoring by your healthcare provider is required to assess effectiveness.
Can I take Trizivir with food?
Yes, Trizivir can be taken with or without food. It’s recommended to take the medication at the same time every day to maintain consistent blood levels.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Trizivir?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it’s almost time for your next dose. Do not take two doses at once to make up for a missed dose.
Can Trizivir cause anemia?
Yes, zidovudine, one of the components of Trizivir, can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to anemia. Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor for this side effect.
Is Trizivir safe during pregnancy?
Trizivir can be used during pregnancy under a healthcare provider’s guidance. The benefits of controlling HIV infection generally outweigh the risks, but careful monitoring is required.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Trizivir Work?
Each of the three components of Trizivir works by inhibiting reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that the HIV virus needs to replicate its genetic material. By blocking this process, Trizivir helps to reduce the viral load in the body, thereby preventing further damage to the immune system and slowing the progression of the disease.
Common Dosages
- Abacavir (300 mg)
- Lamivudine (150 mg)
- Zidovudine (300 mg)
Typical Dosing
- The usual recommended dose of Trizivir is one tablet taken twice daily, with or without food.
- Patients must be tested for the HLA-B*5701 allele before starting therapy due to the risk of hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and adolescents who weigh at least 40 kg.
Who Shouldn't Take Trizivir?
- HLA-B*5701 positive status, due to the risk of severe hypersensitivity reactions.
- A history of hypersensitivity to abacavir, lamivudine, or zidovudine.
- Severe liver disease.
- Low blood cell counts (e.g., anemia or neutropenia) due to zidovudine's effect on the bone marrow.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Trizivir exactly as prescribed, at the same time every day to maintain consistent drug levels.
- Swallow the tablet whole with water. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not double up on doses.
- Ensure regular blood tests to monitor your HIV status and liver function while taking Trizivir.
- Inform your healthcare provider if you experience symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction (fever, rash, breathing difficulties) and stop the medication immediately.
Side Effects of Trizivir
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Diarrhea
- Insomnia
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Hypersensitivity reactions (fever, rash, respiratory symptoms)
- Lactic acidosis and severe liver enlargement
- Bone marrow suppression leading to low red and white blood cell counts (due to zidovudine)
- Pancreatitis
Risks and Warnings of Trizivir
- Hypersensitivity Reaction: Patients must be tested for the HLA-B*5701 allele before starting Trizivir. If a hypersensitivity reaction occurs, the medication must be discontinued, and it should never be restarted, as this could be life-threatening.
- Lactic Acidosis and Hepatomegaly: NRTIs (including abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine) can cause lactic acidosis and liver enlargement, especially in women and overweight patients. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
- Bone Marrow Suppression: Zidovudine can cause a reduction in blood cell counts, leading to anemia or neutropenia. Regular blood tests are required to monitor blood cell levels during treatment.
- Immune Reconstitution Syndrome: As the immune system recovers, it may cause an inflammatory response to hidden infections, requiring medical attention.
Interactions with Trizivir
Common Drug Interactions
- Ribavirin: Combining ribavirin with zidovudine may increase the risk of anemia.
- Methadone: Methadone may increase zidovudine levels, requiring dose adjustments.
- Other antiretrovirals: Caution should be taken when using Trizivir alongside other NRTIs, as this may increase the risk of side effects.
Alternatives to Trizivir
- Triumeq: A combination of abacavir, lamivudine, and dolutegravir (an integrase inhibitor) used for treating HIV-1.
- Biktarvy: A combination of bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide used for HIV-1 infection.
- Genvoya: A fixed-dose combination of elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide for HIV-1 treatment.
