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SSKI
SSKI (Saturated Solution of Potassium Iodide) is an oral medication used for several purposes, including the treatment of hyperthyroidism, protection of the thyroid gland in the event of radiation exposure, and as an expectorant to thin mucus and make it easier to cough up in conditions like chronic bronchitis. Potassium iodide works by blocking the uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland, reducing the risk of thyroid cancer following radiation exposure. It also reduces the production of thyroid hormones in cases of hyperthyroidism.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long can I take SSKI for hyperthyroidism?
SSKI is typically used short-term (up to 10 days) before surgery or during a thyroid storm. Prolonged use is not recommended due to the risk of iodine toxicity.
Can SSKI prevent thyroid cancer after radiation exposure?
Yes, SSKI can help protect the thyroid gland from absorbing radioactive iodine, which reduces the risk of thyroid cancer after radiation exposure. It must be taken as soon as possible after exposure for maximum effectiveness.
What should I do if I miss a dose of SSKI?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it’s almost time for your next dose. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one.
Can SSKI be taken long-term for lung conditions?
No, SSKI should not be used long-term as an expectorant due to the risk of iodism and thyroid dysfunction. Other expectorants like guaifenesin are safer for long-term use.
Can pregnant women take SSKI?
SSKI should be used cautiously in pregnant women, especially in high doses or for extended periods, as excess iodine can affect the thyroid function of the developing fetus. Always consult your doctor before use.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does SSKI Work?
- In the treatment of hyperthyroidism, SSKI works by temporarily inhibiting the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland and reducing its vascularity. This makes it useful before thyroid surgery or in cases of thyroid storm (severe hyperthyroidism).
- In the event of radiation exposure, potassium iodide saturates the thyroid gland with stable (non-radioactive) iodine, reducing the uptake of radioactive iodine.
- As an expectorant, SSKI helps thin mucus in the lungs, making it easier to cough up, and is useful for conditions with thick, tenacious mucus.
Common Dosages
- 1 g/mL of potassium iodide
Typical Dosing
- For hyperthyroidism: The typical dose is 3-5 drops (0.3-0.5 mL) orally three times daily. Dosing may vary depending on the severity of the condition.
- For radiation exposure: The dose for adults is typically 130 mg (equivalent to 2 drops of SSKI) taken once daily for 10-14 days, or as directed by public health officials in the event of radiation exposure.
- As an expectorant: The typical dose is 5-10 drops in water, fruit juice, or milk every 6-8 hours.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Hyperthyroidism (used temporarily to reduce thyroid hormone production)
- Thyroid protection during radiation emergencies
- As an expectorant for conditions with thick mucus, such as chronic bronchitis
Who Shouldn't Take SSKI?
- Hypersensitivity to iodide or iodine
- Dermatitis herpetiformis or hypocomplementemic vasculitis
- Active tuberculosis, as iodine may exacerbate the condition
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take SSKI as directed by your healthcare provider. Dilute the solution in water, fruit juice, or milk to reduce stomach irritation and improve taste.
- Avoid using SSKI for long periods without medical supervision, as prolonged use can lead to iodism (iodine poisoning), which can cause metallic taste, mouth sores, and stomach upset.
- If taking SSKI for radiation protection, follow the guidelines provided by health officials during a radiation emergency.
Side Effects of SSKI
Common Side Effects
- Nausea or upset stomach
- Metallic taste in the mouth
- Acne-like rash
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Iodism: Symptoms include a metallic taste, sore gums or teeth, severe headache, and swelling of the salivary glands.
- Allergic reactions, such as rash, itching, or swelling
- Thyroid dysfunction: Prolonged use can lead to either hypothyroidism (low thyroid function) or hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid).
Risks and Warnings of SSKI
- Iodism: Prolonged use of potassium iodide can cause iodine poisoning (iodism), characterized by a metallic taste, sore mouth, and severe stomach upset. Discontinue use and seek medical attention if these symptoms develop.
- Thyroid dysfunction: Long-term use of SSKI may disrupt normal thyroid function, leading to either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
- Hypersensitivity Reactions: Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to iodine, which can manifest as a rash, fever, or swelling of the salivary glands.
Interactions with SSKI
Common Drug Interactions
- Antithyroid medications: SSKI should be used cautiously with other antithyroid drugs, as it may enhance the risk of thyroid dysfunction.
- Lithium: The combination of SSKI and lithium may increase the risk of hypothyroidism.
- Potassium-sparing diuretics: Using SSKI with potassium-sparing diuretics can increase the risk of hyperkalemia (high potassium levels).
Alternatives to SSKI
- Methimazole: An antithyroid medication used for long-term management of hyperthyroidism.
- Radioactive iodine (I-131): Used for definitive treatment of hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer.
- Guaifenesin: A common over-the-counter expectorant used to thin mucus and treat chest congestion.
