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Rufinamide
Rufinamide is an antiepileptic medication primarily prescribed for the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), a severe form of epilepsy characterized by multiple types of seizures and cognitive impairment. Rufinamide works by stabilizing neuronal membranes and inhibiting repetitive neuronal firing, which helps to reduce the frequency of seizures in affected patients. This medication is typically used as an adjunctive treatment alongside other antiepileptic drugs to improve seizure control.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for rufinamide to start working?
Patients may begin to notice improvements in seizure frequency within a few weeks of starting rufinamide, though full therapeutic effects may take longer.
Can I stop taking rufinamide suddenly?
No, discontinuing rufinamide suddenly can lead to increased seizure frequency. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your medication regimen.
Are there any dietary restrictions while taking rufinamide?
There are no specific dietary restrictions, but it is recommended to take rufinamide with food to improve absorption and reduce gastrointestinal discomfort.
What should I do if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose of rufinamide, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up doses.
Is rufinamide safe for long-term use?
Rufinamide can be used long-term under medical supervision. Regular follow-ups with your healthcare provider are essential to monitor its effectiveness and any potential side effects.
Is rufinamide safe for long-term use?
Rufinamide can be used long-term under medical supervision. Regular follow-ups with your healthcare provider are essential to monitor its effectiveness and any potential side effects.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Rufinamide Work?
Rufinamide works primarily by inhibiting sodium channels in neurons, which reduces the excitability of nerve cells. By preventing excessive neuronal firing, rufinamide helps stabilize brain activity and decreases the likelihood of seizures associated with conditions like Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
Common Dosages
- For children aged 1 to 4 years: Dosing is generally based on body weight and should be carefully adjusted by a healthcare provider.Tablets: 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg
- Oral suspension: 40 mg/mL
Typical Dosing
- For adults and children aged 4 years and older: The typical starting dose is 400 mg per day, which can be gradually increased based on individual response, with a maximum recommended dose of 3,200 mg per day.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in patients aged 1 year and older, used as an adjunctive therapy to other antiepileptic medications.
Who Shouldn't Take Rufinamide?
- Known hypersensitivity to rufinamide or any of its components
- A history of severe liver impairment
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take rufinamide with food to enhance absorption and reduce gastrointestinal side effects.
- Ensure you follow the prescribed dosing schedule and do not stop taking rufinamide abruptly, as this may lead to increased seizure frequency.
- Inform your healthcare provider about any other medications you are taking, as rufinamide may interact with certain drugs, particularly other antiepileptics.
- Regularly monitor for side effects, especially if starting or adjusting the dose.
Side Effects of Rufinamide
Common Side Effects
- Drowsiness or fatigue
- Nausea or vomiting
- Headache
- Loss of appetite
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
- Changes in mood or behavior, including suicidal thoughts
- Multiorgan hypersensitivity reactions
Risks and Warnings of Rufinamide
- Suicidal Thoughts: Antiepileptic drugs, including rufinamide, may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior in some patients. Close monitoring is essential, especially during the initiation of treatment or dose adjustments.
- Hypersensitivity Reactions: Monitor for signs of severe allergic reactions, and discontinue use immediately if symptoms occur.
- Drug Interactions: Rufinamide can interact with other medications, particularly those that affect liver enzymes. Discuss all medications with your healthcare provider to avoid potential interactions.
Interactions with Rufinamide
Common Drug Interactions
- Other Antiepileptics: Rufinamide may interact with other seizure medications, which could alter their effectiveness or increase side effects.
- Hormonal Contraceptives: The effectiveness of hormonal birth control may be reduced when used with rufinamide, necessitating alternative contraceptive methods.
- CYP Enzyme Inhibitors: Medications that inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes may increase rufinamide levels in the body, leading to an increased risk of side effects.
Alternatives to Rufinamide
- Other Antiepileptic Drugs: Such as lamotrigine, topiramate, and valproate, which may be used for the management of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or other types of epilepsy.
- Vagal Nerve Stimulation (VNS): A surgical option for patients with refractory epilepsy who do not respond well to medications.
