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Pretomanid
Pretomanid is an antituberculosis medication specifically used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). It is a member of the nitroimidazole class and works by inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How quickly does pretomanid start to work?
Patients may begin to notice improvements in their symptoms within weeks, but it is important to complete the entire treatment regimen as prescribed for optimal results.
Can I stop taking pretomanid suddenly?
It is crucial to continue taking pretomanid and any other prescribed medications for the full duration of treatment, even if symptoms improve, to prevent relapse or further resistance.
Are there any specific dietary restrictions while taking pretomanid?
There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with pretomanid, but patients should maintain a balanced diet to support overall health during treatment.
What should I do if I miss a dose of pretomanid?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up on doses.
Is pretomanid safe for long-term use?
Pretomanid is intended for use as part of a treatment regimen for tuberculosis and is not typically used long-term. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor for effectiveness and any potential side effects.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Pretomanid Work?
Pretomanid acts by interfering with the bacteria's ability to replicate and produce energy. Specifically, it inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acids, essential components of the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death. This action effectively targets and reduces the viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Common Dosages
- Tablets: 200 mg.
Typical Dosing
- The recommended dosing for adults is 200 mg taken orally once daily in combination with other antituberculosis medications, typically as part of a comprehensive treatment regimen.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in combination with other antituberculosis agents for adults with limited treatment options, specifically in the context of MDR-TB or XDR-TB.
Who Shouldn't Take Pretomanid?
- Known hypersensitivity to pretomanid or any components of the formulation.
- Active or untreated tuberculosis that is not multidrug-resistant.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Instruct patients to take pretomanid exactly as prescribed and to adhere to the entire treatment regimen to ensure effective management of tuberculosis.
- Advise patients about the importance of monitoring for side effects, such as liver function abnormalities, and to report any concerning symptoms to their healthcare provider.
- Discuss the need for regular follow-up appointments to monitor treatment efficacy and manage any potential side effects.
Side Effects of Pretomanid
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Loss of appetite
- Elevated liver enzymes
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions (such as rash, itching, or difficulty breathing)
- Hepatotoxicity or severe liver injury
Risks and Warnings of Pretomanid
- Liver Function: Patients should have liver function tests monitored, especially in those with a history of liver disease or those taking other medications that may affect liver function.
- Drug Interactions: Caution should be exercised when used in combination with other medications that are known to affect liver enzymes or those with potential hepatotoxic effects.
Interactions with Pretomanid
Common Drug Interactions
- Other Antituberculosis Medications: Pretomanid should be used in combination with other agents as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for tuberculosis; the selection of these agents should consider potential drug interactions.
- CYP450 Inhibitors/Inducers: Pretomanid may interact with medications that affect the cytochrome P450 system, which could alter its metabolism.
Alternatives to Pretomanid
- Other Antituberculosis Agents: Such as isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol, may be used depending on the resistance patterns of the tuberculosis strain being treated.
