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Phenytoin Sodium Extended
Phenytoin sodium extended is an anticonvulsant medication primarily used to control seizures in individuals with epilepsy. It is particularly effective for the management of tonic-clonic seizures (formerly known as grand mal seizures) and complex partial seizures. The extended-release formulation allows for once or twice daily dosing, providing stable blood levels of the medication and improving patient compliance.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for phenytoin sodium extended to start working?
Phenytoin typically begins to control seizures within hours of administration, but it may take several weeks to achieve optimal blood levels and seizure control.
Can I stop taking phenytoin suddenly?
It is not advisable to stop taking phenytoin abruptly, as this may lead to increased seizure activity. Always consult your healthcare provider before making changes to your medication.
Can I stop taking phenytoin suddenly?
It is not advisable to stop taking phenytoin abruptly, as this may lead to increased seizure activity. Always consult your healthcare provider before making changes to your medication.
Is phenytoin safe for long-term use?
Phenytoin has been shown to be safe for long-term use in many patients, but regular monitoring by your healthcare provider is important to ensure it remains effective and safe for your condition.
Is phenytoin safe for long-term use?
Phenytoin has been shown to be safe for long-term use in many patients, but regular monitoring by your healthcare provider is important to ensure it remains effective and safe for your condition.
Are there any dietary restrictions while taking phenytoin?
There are no specific dietary restrictions; however, it is advisable to maintain a consistent diet and to limit alcohol consumption, as it may interact with the medication.
What should I do if I miss a dose of phenytoin?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular schedule. Do not double up on doses.
What should I do if I miss a dose of phenytoin?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular schedule. Do not double up on doses.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Phenytoin Sodium Extended Work?
Phenytoin works primarily by stabilizing neuronal membranes and inhibiting the influx of sodium ions during the action potential. This action helps to prevent the rapid firing of neurons associated with seizure activity, thereby reducing the frequency and severity of seizures.
Common Dosages
- Extended-release capsules: 100 mg, 200 mg, and 300 mg
Typical Dosing
- For adults: The usual starting dose is 300 mg once daily, which may be adjusted based on clinical response and serum drug levels. The typical maintenance dose ranges from 300 mg to 600 mg per day, divided into one to three doses.
- For children: Dosing is typically based on body weight, with a common initial dose of 5 mg/kg/day, adjusted according to clinical response.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Control of tonic-clonic seizures
- Control of complex partial seizures
Who Shouldn't Take Phenytoin Sodium Extended?
- Known hypersensitivity to phenytoin or any of its components
- A history of seizures caused by hypoglycemia or in patients with a history of previous hypersensitivity reactions to hydantoins
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take phenytoin sodium extended exactly as prescribed, and do not skip doses or stop taking it abruptly, as this can lead to increased seizure activity.
- Maintain regular follow-up appointments for monitoring serum levels, especially during dosage adjustments or changes in medication.
- Inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, as phenytoin can interact with a variety of drugs.
Side Effects of Phenytoin Sodium Extended
Common Side Effects
- Dizziness or drowsiness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Ataxia (lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements)
- Gum overgrowth (gingival hyperplasia)
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions (such as rash, fever, or difficulty breathing)
- Blood disorders (such as agranulocytosis or thrombocytopenia)
- Liver dysfunction
Risks and Warnings of Phenytoin Sodium Extended
- CNS Effects: Phenytoin can cause sedation, dizziness, and cognitive impairment; patients should be cautioned about operating heavy machinery or driving until they know how the medication affects them.
- Gingival Hyperplasia: Regular dental check-ups are recommended to monitor for gum overgrowth, which can occur with long-term use.
- Fetal Risk: Phenytoin is associated with risks during pregnancy, including fetal hydantoin syndrome. Pregnant patients should discuss the risks and benefits with their healthcare provider.
Interactions with Phenytoin Sodium Extended
Common Drug Interactions
- Other Anticonvulsants: Phenytoin may alter the effectiveness of other anticonvulsants, requiring monitoring and dose adjustments.
- Anticoagulants: Phenytoin can reduce the effectiveness of warfarin and other anticoagulants, necessitating careful monitoring of INR levels.
- CYP Enzyme Inducers/Inhibitors: Phenytoin is a potent inducer of CYP450 enzymes, which can affect the metabolism of other drugs.
Alternatives to Phenytoin Sodium Extended
- Carbamazepine: Another anticonvulsant used for similar seizure types.
- Lamotrigine: A medication that is also used for various types of seizures, including focal and generalized seizures.
- Valproate: Effective for generalized and focal seizures and may be used when phenytoin is not suitable.
