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Phenytoin Infatabs
Phenytoin Infatabs is an anticonvulsant medication primarily used to manage seizures, particularly in patients with epilepsy. It is indicated for the control of generalized tonic-clonic seizures and complex partial seizures. Phenytoin works by stabilizing neuronal membranes and inhibiting the spread of seizure activity in the brain, thus helping to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for phenytoin to work?
Phenytoin typically begins to control seizures within hours of administration, but it may take several weeks to achieve optimal blood levels and seizure control.
Can I stop taking phenytoin suddenly?
It is not advisable to stop taking phenytoin abruptly, as this may lead to increased seizure activity. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your medication.
Are there any dietary restrictions while taking phenytoin?
There are no specific dietary restrictions, but maintaining a balanced diet can help manage overall health. Alcohol should be used cautiously, as it can increase the risk of side effects.
What should I do if I miss a dose of phenytoin?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it's almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular schedule. Do not double up on doses.
Is phenytoin safe for long-term use?
Phenytoin can be used long-term under medical supervision, but regular follow-up appointments are important to monitor its effectiveness and any potential side effects.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Phenytoin Infatabs Work?
Phenytoin works primarily by inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels in neuronal membranes. This action stabilizes the inactive state of sodium channels, preventing the excessive firing of neurons that can lead to seizures. By modulating the activity of sodium ions, phenytoin helps to reduce neuronal excitability and the risk of seizure propagation.
Common Dosages
- Chewable tablets: 50 mg
Typical Dosing
- For adults and children over 12 years: The initial dose is typically 100 mg to 300 mg per day, divided into several doses.
- For children: The initial dose is based on weight, generally starting at 5 mg/kg/day, which can be adjusted based on response and tolerance.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Generalized tonic-clonic seizures
- Complex partial seizures
- Status epilepticus (as a part of the management plan)
Who Shouldn't Take Phenytoin Infatabs?
- Known hypersensitivity to phenytoin or any of its components
- A history of severe allergic reactions to other hydantoins
- Heart block or certain types of arrhythmias
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take phenytoin exactly as prescribed, and do not adjust the dose without consulting your healthcare provider.
- Chew the tablets thoroughly before swallowing to ensure proper absorption.
- Regular monitoring of serum phenytoin levels is important to ensure effective and safe dosing.
- Inform your healthcare provider about any other medications you are taking, as phenytoin can interact with various drugs.
Side Effects of Phenytoin Infatabs
Common Side Effects
- Gum overgrowth (gingival hyperplasia)
- Dizziness or drowsiness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Rash
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions (such as rash or difficulty breathing)
- Liver dysfunction
- Blood disorders (such as agranulocytosis or thrombocytopenia)
Risks and Warnings of Phenytoin Infatabs
- CNS Effects: Phenytoin can cause sedation, dizziness, and cognitive impairment. Patients should be cautioned about operating heavy machinery or driving until they know how the medication affects them.
- Gingival Hyperplasia: Regular dental check-ups are recommended to monitor for gum overgrowth, which can occur with long-term use.
- Fetal Risk: Phenytoin is associated with risks during pregnancy, including fetal hydantoin syndrome. Pregnant patients should discuss risks with their healthcare provider.
Interactions with Phenytoin Infatabs
Common Drug Interactions
- Other Anticonvulsants: Phenytoin may alter the effectiveness of other anticonvulsants, requiring monitoring and dose adjustments.
- Anticoagulants: Phenytoin can reduce the effectiveness of warfarin and other anticoagulants, necessitating careful monitoring of INR levels.
- CYP Enzyme Inducers/Inhibitors: Phenytoin can affect the metabolism of other drugs processed by the liver, leading to potential interactions.
Alternatives to Phenytoin Infatabs
- Carbamazepine: Another anticonvulsant used for similar seizure types.
- Lamotrigine: Used for various types of seizures, including focal and generalized seizures.
- Valproate: Effective for generalized and focal seizures and may be used when phenytoin is not suitable.
