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Omeprazole
Omeprazole is in a subcategory of drugs called proton pump inhibitors, who?s main mechanism is to reduce stomach acid, relieving symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), preventing ulcers, and helping the esophagus heal. Some reported side effects include headache, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea.
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Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Omeprazole Work?
Omeprazole is a type of medication called a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). It works by reducing the amount of acid your stomach makes. Blocking the acid pumps in your stomach helps relieve symptoms like heartburn, acid reflux, and indigestion. It also allows the lining of the stomach and esophagus to heal if it’s been damaged by too much acid. Omeprazole is often used to treat conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), stomach ulcers, and other acid-related issues.
What is Omeprazole Used For?
FDA indications: Omeprazole is used to treat GERD, stomach or small intestines ulcers, or as a part of the eradication therapy for H. pylori.
Off-label uses: It can also be used to treat stress gastritis.
Common Dosages
Capsules (regular and delayed-release):
- 10mg
- 20mg
- 40mg
Oral suspension:
- 2 MG/1 ML
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
GERD: 20mg once daily for 48 weeks.
Ulcers: 20-40mg once daily for 48 weeks.
Off-Label Uses
Stress gastritis: 20-40mg per day for prophylaxis
H. pylori eradication therapy: 20mg twice daily and other antibiotics for 1014 days.
Pediatric Dosing
Who Shouldn't Take Omeprazole?
- Known allergy to omeprazole or other PPIs.
- History of liver or ailments.
- Suffering from osteoporosis or low bone mineral density.
- Taking clopidogrel can reduce the effectiveness of the drug.
- Pregnant, planning to conceive, or breastfeeding.
- Have symptoms of low magnesium levels such as muscle cramps, palpitations, etc.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Protracted use of omeprazole may lead to Vitamin B12 and magnesium deficiency. Consider dietary supplements if necessary.
- This medication works best when taken an hour before meals.
- Sudden cessation can exacerbate acidity. Taper off under medical guidance.
- If symptoms persist beyond two weeks, contact your healthcare provider.
- Protracted use can increase the risk of bone fractures.
Side Effects of Omeprazole
Common Side Effects
- Headache
- Abdominal Pain
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Unusual tiredness
- Persistent nausea
- Sudden weight changes
- Signs of an allergic reaction
Risks and Warnings of Omeprazole
Kidney damage: Long-term use of omeprazole has been linked to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury. Regular monitoring of kidney function may be advised.
Bone fractures: Chronic use of omeprazole can decrease bone density, leading to an increased risk of wrist, hip, and spine fractures, particularly in the elderly or those taking high doses.
Gastrointestinal infections: By lowering stomach acid, omeprazole can increase susceptibility to gastrointestinal infections like Clostridium difficile, which can cause severe diarrhea and colitis.
Magnesium deficiency: Long-term use, especially if taken for more than one year, may lead to low magnesium levels (hypomagnesemia), which can cause muscle spasms, irregular heartbeat, or seizures.
Vitamin B12 deficiency: Chronic use of omeprazole can impair the absorption of vitamin B12, leading to deficiency, which, if untreated, may cause anemia, nerve damage, and cognitive changes.
Pneumonia: Some studies suggest that using omeprazole may increase the risk of developing pneumonia, particularly in hospitalized patients or the elderly.
Interaction with other medications: Omeprazole can interfere with the absorption and effectiveness of other medications, including clopidogrel (a blood thinner), certain antifungals, and cancer treatments.
Interactions with Omeprazole
Common Drug Interactions
- Diazepam
- Warfarin
- Phenytoin
- Methotrexate
- Digoxin
- Atazanavir
- Clopidogrel
Alternatives to Omeprazole
- Lansoprazole
- Pantoprazole
- Rabeprazole
- Esomeprazole
- Dexlansoprazole
