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Nevirapine
Nevirapine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used primarily in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It is part of antiretroviral therapy and helps reduce the viral load in patients, improving immune function and lowering the risk of developing AIDS-related illnesses.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How quickly does nevirapine work?
Patients may begin to notice improvements in their condition within 1 to 2 weeks, but it may take several weeks for the full effects to be realized.
Can I take nevirapine with food?
Yes, nevirapine can be taken with or without food, but consistency is important.
What should I do if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up doses.
Are there any dietary restrictions while using nevirapine?
There are no specific dietary restrictions while using nevirapine, but maintaining a balanced diet is advisable for overall health.
Is nevirapine safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
Consult your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or breastfeeding to discuss the risks and benefits of using nevirapine, as it is considered for use in these populations under certain circumstances.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Nevirapine Work?
Nevirapine works by binding to the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is essential for the replication of HIV. By inhibiting this enzyme, nevirapine prevents the virus from converting its RNA into DNA, effectively halting its ability to replicate and spread in the body.
What is Nevirapine Used For?
Common Dosages
- Tablets: 200 mg.
- Oral Suspension: 10 mg/mL.
Typical Dosing
- For adults: The usual starting dose is 200 mg once daily for 14 days, followed by 400 mg once daily.
- For pediatric patients: The dosage is usually based on weight and should be determined by a healthcare provider.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- HIV-1 Infection: as part of a combination antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and pediatric patients.
Pediatric Dosing
Who Shouldn't Take Nevirapine?
- Known hypersensitivity to nevirapine or any component of the formulation.
- A history of severe liver disease or hepatic toxicity related to nevirapine.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take nevirapine exactly as prescribed and follow the dosing schedule carefully, especially during the initial phase.
- Monitor for any unusual symptoms, such as rash, which can indicate serious reactions; report these to your healthcare provider immediately.
- Regular liver function tests may be required during treatment, particularly in the first few months.
Side Effects of Nevirapine
Common Side Effects
- Rash
- Nausea
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Abdominal pain
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe skin reactions (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)
- Liver toxicity (symptoms include jaundice, dark urine, or right upper quadrant pain)
- Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling).
Risks and Warnings of Nevirapine
- Liver Toxicity: Monitor liver function regularly; nevirapine can cause severe liver injury, especially in women and patients with high CD4 counts at initiation.
- Rash: Risk of severe rash; inform patients about signs of skin reactions and when to seek medical help.
Interactions with Nevirapine
Common Drug Interactions
- Other Antiretrovirals: Caution should be taken when used with other antiretroviral medications that may affect liver enzymes.
- Hormonal Contraceptives: Nevirapine may reduce the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives; alternative or additional contraceptive methods should be considered.
Alternatives to Nevirapine
- Other NNRTIs: Such as efavirenz or rilpivirine for managing HIV-1 infection.
- Combination Therapy: Often, nevirapine is part of a combination regimen with other antiretroviral drugs for enhanced efficacy.