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Lopinavir-Ritonavir

Lopinavir-ritonavir is a combination medication used in the treatment of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. It belongs to a class of medications known as protease inhibitors. Lopinavir works by inhibiting the protease enzyme that HIV needs to replicate, while ritonavir enhances the effectiveness of lopinavir by inhibiting its metabolism, allowing for higher concentrations of the drug in the body.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How quickly does lopinavir-ritonavir start working?
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Lopinavir-ritonavir begins to lower viral load shortly after starting treatment, but it may take several weeks to see significant reductions.

Can I take lopinavir-ritonavir with food?
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Yes, lopinavir-ritonavir is typically taken with food to enhance absorption and minimize gastrointestinal side effects.

What should I do if I miss a dose?
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If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up doses.

Are there any dietary restrictions while taking lopinavir-ritonavir?
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There are no specific dietary restrictions, but it’s important to maintain a balanced diet and discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider.

Is lopinavir-ritonavir safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
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Consult your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or breastfeeding to discuss the risks and benefits of using lopinavir-ritonavir.

Comprehensive Drug Guide

How Does Lopinavir-Ritonavir Work?

Lopinavir-ritonavir inhibits the activity of the HIV protease enzyme, which is crucial for the cleavage of viral polyproteins into functional proteins. By blocking this enzyme, the medication prevents the formation of mature, infectious virus particles, thus reducing viral load in the body.

Common Dosages

  • Tablets: 100 mg/25 mg (lopinavir/ritonavir).
  • Oral solution: 80 mg/20 mg per mL.

Typical Dosing

  • The usual recommended dose for adults is 400 mg/100 mg (lopinavir/ritonavir) taken twice daily, or the equivalent dose as prescribed for the oral solution.


Typical Dosing

FDA Approved Indications

  • HIV-1 Infection: treatment of HIV-1 infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents.


Who Shouldn't Take Lopinavir-Ritonavir?

  • Known hypersensitivity to lopinavir, ritonavir, or any component of the formulation.
  • A history of severe allergic reactions to other protease inhibitors.


Advice From The Pharmacist

  • Take lopinavir-ritonavir exactly as prescribed, and do not adjust the dose without consulting your healthcare provider.
  • Regular monitoring of liver function and viral load may be necessary.
  • Maintain adherence to the medication regimen to optimize therapeutic effects and prevent resistance.


Side Effects of Lopinavir-Ritonavir

Common Side Effects

  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Abdominal pain
  • Fatigue


Uncommon/Severe Side Effects

  • Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
  • Liver dysfunction (elevated liver enzymes)
  • Changes in fat distribution (lipodystrophy)


Risks and Warnings of Lopinavir-Ritonavir

  • Cardiovascular Risk: Monitor for signs of cardiovascular disease, as protease inhibitors can increase cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
  • Liver Health: Regular liver function tests are recommended, especially in patients with pre-existing liver conditions.
  • Drug Interactions: Lopinavir-ritonavir can interact with many medications; inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking.


Interactions with Lopinavir-Ritonavir

Common Drug Interactions

  • Other Antiretroviral Medications: Caution is advised when used with other antiretrovirals due to potential interactions.
  • CYP3A4 Inhibitors/Inducers: Drugs that affect the CYP3A4 enzyme may alter the effectiveness of lopinavir-ritonavir.


Alternatives to Lopinavir-Ritonavir

  • Other Protease Inhibitors: Such as atazanavir or darunavir for HIV treatment.
  • Integrase Inhibitors: Such as raltegravir or dolutegravir for alternative treatment regimens.