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Lithostat
Lithostat, the brand name for acetohydroxamic acid (AHA), is a urease inhibitor used to treat chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by urease-producing bacteria, such as Proteus species, which can lead to the formation of struvite kidney stones. Lithostat helps reduce the production of ammonia in the urine, which decreases the alkalinity of the urine, ultimately preventing the growth of these bacteria and reducing the formation of kidney stones.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Lithostat to work?
Lithostat may take several weeks to effectively lower urinary ammonia levels and reduce the formation of kidney stones. Regular urine testing helps determine its effectiveness.
Can Lithostat be taken with antibiotics?
Yes, Lithostat is often taken with antibiotics to treat chronic UTIs caused by urease-producing bacteria. The combination helps control infection and prevent kidney stone formation.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Lithostat?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed one.
Can Lithostat be used during pregnancy?
No, Lithostat is contraindicated during pregnancy due to the potential for harm to the fetus. Women should avoid becoming pregnant while taking Lithostat.
Is Lithostat safe for long-term use?
Lithostat is generally used for long-term therapy in patients with chronic infections and recurrent kidney stones, but regular monitoring of kidney function, liver function, and blood counts is essential to prevent potential side effects.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Lithostat Work?
Lithostat works by inhibiting the enzyme urease, which is produced by certain bacteria in the urinary tract. Urease breaks down urea into ammonia, which can increase the alkalinity (pH) of urine, leading to the formation of struvite stones. By inhibiting urease, Lithostat prevents the formation of ammonia and reduces the alkalinity of the urine, helping to prevent both infection and stone formation.
Common Dosages
- 250 mg oral tablets
The usual dose is 250 mg taken two to three times daily, depending on the severity of the condition and the patient’s response.
Typical Dosing
- For urease-producing urinary tract infections and struvite stone prevention: The typical starting dose is 250 mg taken 2 to 3 times daily. The dosage may be adjusted based on the patient’s urinary pH levels and response to treatment.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Adjunctive therapy in patients with chronic urease-producing bacterial urinary tract infections that lead to the formation of struvite kidney stones.
- It is used alongside antibiotics and other treatments to help control infection and prevent stone formation.
Who Shouldn't Take Lithostat?
- Severe renal insufficiency or kidney failure, as the drug is eliminated by the kidneys.
- Pregnancy, as Lithostat may harm the fetus.
- Known hypersensitivity or allergy to acetohydroxamic acid or any components of the formulation.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Lithostat as directed by your doctor, usually two to three times daily. It is important to maintain the regular schedule for optimal effectiveness.
- Lithostat is often used in combination with antibiotics. Be sure to take both medications as prescribed to help control the infection and prevent stone formation.
- Regular urine testing is required to monitor your urinary pH levels and ensure that Lithostat is effectively controlling the infection and preventing kidney stone formation.
- Do not use Lithostat if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, as it may cause harm to the fetus. Use effective contraception while taking this medication.
- Store Lithostat at room temperature and keep it away from moisture and heat.
Side Effects of Lithostat
Common Side Effects
- Headache
- Nausea
- Loss of appetite
- Mild rash
- Tiredness or weakness
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Blood disorders, such as hemolytic anemia or methemoglobinemia
- Liver dysfunction, indicated by yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
- Severe allergic reactions (e.g., rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
Risks and Warnings of Lithostat
- Renal Function Monitoring: Lithostat is excreted by the kidneys, so patients with impaired renal function may require dose adjustments and close monitoring.
- Liver Toxicity: Lithostat can cause liver damage in some patients. Routine monitoring of liver function is recommended during treatment.
- Hemolytic Anemia: Lithostat can cause blood disorders, including hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia. Patients should be monitored for signs of anemia (such as fatigue, weakness, or pale skin), and treatment should be discontinued if blood disorders develop.
- Pregnancy Risk: Lithostat is contraindicated in pregnancy due to the risk of harm to the fetus. Women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception while on this medication.
Interactions with Lithostat
Common Drug Interactions
- Antibiotics: While Lithostat is often prescribed with antibiotics to treat chronic UTIs, it is important to inform your healthcare provider of all antibiotics you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
- Alcohol: Combining Lithostat with alcohol may increase the risk of certain side effects, such as nausea, dizziness, and liver toxicity.
Alternatives to Lithostat
- Potassium citrate: Used to alkalinize the urine in patients with recurrent kidney stones, though it works by increasing urine pH, which is opposite of how Lithostat works.
- Antibiotics: Used to treat bacterial infections in the urinary tract, but they do not directly prevent stone formation caused by urease-producing bacteria.
- Surgical stone removal: In cases where stones are large or causing complications, surgical removal may be necessary.
