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Isosorbide Mononitrate
Isosorbide mononitrate is a nitrate medication used primarily for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris (chest pain) due to coronary artery disease. It works by relaxing and dilating blood vessels, which reduces the heart's workload and improves blood flow to the heart muscle.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for isosorbide mononitrate to start working?
Isosorbide mononitrate typically starts to work within 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration, with peak effects occurring several hours later.
Can I take isosorbide mononitrate with other medications?
Always consult your healthcare provider before combining isosorbide mononitrate with other medications, especially phosphodiesterase inhibitors or other antihypertensives.
What should I do if I miss a dose of isosorbide mononitrate?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
s it safe to use isosorbide mononitrate during pregnancy?
Isosorbide mononitrate should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed, and the risks and benefits should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Can isosorbide mononitrate cause weight gain?
Weight gain is not a common side effect of isosorbide mononitrate. Any significant changes in weight should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Isosorbide Mononitrate Work?
Isosorbide mononitrate works by releasing nitric oxide, which relaxes smooth muscle in blood vessels, leading to dilation. This decreases venous return (preload) and reduces myocardial oxygen demand, thereby alleviating angina symptoms.
Common Dosages
- Immediate-release tablets: Common dosages include 5 mg and 10 mg.
- Extended-release tablets: Common dosages include 30 mg, 60 mg, and 120 mg.
Typical Dosing
- For immediate-release: The usual dose is 5 to 10 mg taken two or three times daily, as needed.
- For extended-release: The typical starting dose is 30 mg taken once daily, which may be adjusted based on clinical response.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
Prevention and treatment of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease.
Who Shouldn't Take Isosorbide Mononitrate?
- Known hypersensitivity to isosorbide mononitrate or any components of the formulation
- Severe anemia
- Increased intracranial pressure
- Concurrent use with phosphodiesterase inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil) due to the risk of severe hypotension
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Patients should be advised to take isosorbide mononitrate with food to enhance absorption and minimize gastrointestinal side effects.
- Encourage patients to avoid abrupt discontinuation of the medication, as this can lead to rebound angina.
- Inform patients about the possibility of headaches as a common side effect and advise them on managing these with over-the-counter analgesics.
Side Effects of Isosorbide Mononitrate
Common Side Effects
- Headache
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Flushing
- Nausea
- Fatigue
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe hypotension (low blood pressure)
- Tachycardia (rapid heartbeat)
- Allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
Risks and Warnings of Isosorbide Mononitrate
- Cardiovascular Risks: Monitor blood pressure regularly, especially after initiation or dose adjustment.
- Tolerance: Patients may develop tolerance to nitrates over time, which can reduce effectiveness. A nitrate-free interval may be beneficial to prevent tolerance.
Interactions with Isosorbide Mononitrate
Common Drug Interactions
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: Concurrent use can lead to severe hypotension and should be avoided.
- Other Antihypertensives: Caution is advised as combined use may enhance the blood pressure-lowering effects.
Alternatives to Isosorbide Mononitrate
- Other Nitrates: Such as nitroglycerin for acute angina relief.
- Beta-blockers: For managing angina and reducing heart workload.
- Calcium Channel Blockers: For angina management.