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Enbrel
Enbrel (generic name: etanercept) is a biologic medication used to treat several autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, plaque psoriasis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. It is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor, which helps reduce inflammation by blocking the action of TNF, a substance in the body that causes inflammation in autoimmune diseases.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Enbrel to start working?
Most patients begin to see improvements in symptoms within 2 to 12 weeks after starting Enbrel.
Can I take Enbrel with other medications for arthritis?
Yes, Enbrel is often used in combination with methotrexate and other DMARDs to enhance its effectiveness.
Can I stop taking Enbrel if my symptoms improve?
No, Enbrel is usually a long-term treatment for autoimmune conditions. Stopping the medication can lead to a flare-up of symptoms.
Can Enbrel cause cancer?
There is a small increased risk of lymphoma and other cancers with long-term use of Enbrel, particularly in children and young adults.
How do I store Enbrel?
Enbrel should be stored in the refrigerator, but it can be kept at room temperature for up to 14 days if needed. Avoid exposing it to heat or sunlight.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Enbrel Work?
Enbrel works by blocking tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a cytokine that contributes to inflammation and the immune response in autoimmune diseases. By inhibiting TNF, Enbrel helps to reduce the inflammation, pain, and joint damage that occur in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
Common Dosages
- 25 mg or 50 mg prefilled syringes
- 25 mg or 50 mg autoinjectors
- 50 mg lyophilized powder for reconstitution
Typical Dosing
- Adults with rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis: 50 mg once weekly or 25 mg twice weekly.
- Plaque psoriasis: Initial dose of 50 mg twice weekly for three months, followed by 50 mg once weekly for maintenance.
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Dosage based on the child's weight.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Plaque psoriasis
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Who Shouldn't Take Enbrel?
- Sepsis or serious active infections
- Known hypersensitivity to etanercept or any components of the product.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Enbrel should be stored in the refrigerator and brought to room temperature before injection. Do not freeze the medication.
- Rotate injection sites to avoid irritation. The preferred injection sites include the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm.
- Report any signs of infection (fever, chills, cough) to your healthcare provider, as Enbrel can weaken the immune system.
- Use caution if you have a history of heart failure or neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis, as Enbrel may exacerbate these conditions.
Side Effects of Enbrel
Common Side Effects
- Injection site reactions (redness, swelling, or itching)
- Upper respiratory infections
- Headache
- Fatigue
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Serious infections (including tuberculosis)
- Heart failure
- Lymphoma and other cancers
- Neurological issues (seizures, optic neuritis)
Risks and Warnings of Enbrel
- Infection Risk: Enbrel can increase the risk of serious infections, including tuberculosis and fungal infections. Patients should be screened for latent infections before starting treatment.
- Cancer Risk: TNF inhibitors like Enbrel have been associated with an increased risk of lymphoma and other cancers, particularly in children and adolescents.
- Heart Failure: Enbrel can exacerbate symptoms of heart failure, so patients with pre-existing heart conditions should be monitored closely.
Interactions with Enbrel
Common Drug Interactions
- Live vaccines: Should not be administered while using Enbrel due to the risk of infection.
- Other immunosuppressants: Combining Enbrel with other immunosuppressive drugs can increase the risk of infections and other side effects.
Alternatives to Enbrel
- Humira (adalimumab): Another TNF inhibitor used for autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
- Remicade (infliximab): An intravenous TNF inhibitor used for similar autoimmune conditions.
- Methotrexate: A disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) often used in combination with biologics for rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.