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Emtriva
Emtriva (generic name: emtricitabine) is an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV-1 infection. It is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that works by blocking an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which is critical for HIV replication. Emtriva is typically used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs as part of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to help lower the viral load in individuals with HIV and prevent progression to AIDS.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can Emtriva cure HIV?
No, Emtriva does not cure HIV. It is used in combination with other medications to manage the infection and reduce the viral load.
How long do I have to take Emtriva?
Emtriva is typically part of a long-term treatment plan. Stopping treatment can result in a rise in viral load and progression of the disease.
Can Emtriva be taken during pregnancy?
Yes, Emtriva can be used during pregnancy, but it should only be done under the supervision of a healthcare provider.
Does Emtriva cause weight gain?
Weight gain is not a common side effect of Emtriva, but if you notice significant changes in weight, it is important to discuss this with your healthcare provider.
Can Emtriva be used as PrEP?
Yes, Emtriva is part of PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) regimens when combined with other medications like tenofovir to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Emtriva Work?
Emtriva works by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is used by HIV to convert its RNA into DNA, a necessary step for the virus to multiply. By blocking this enzyme, Emtriva helps to prevent HIV from replicating, thereby reducing the viral load and helping the immune system fight the infection more effectively.
Common Dosages
- Capsules: 200 mg
- Oral solution: 10 mg/mL
Typical Dosing
- Adults: One 200 mg capsule taken orally once daily.
- Pediatric patients: The dosage is based on body weight, typically administered as oral solution for children.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Treatment of HIV-1 infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents in both adults and pediatric patients.
- Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): In combination with other medications, it can be used to prevent HIV in individuals at high risk of exposure.
Who Shouldn't Take Emtriva?
- Known hypersensitivity to emtricitabine or any components of the formulation.
- Severe liver impairment or renal impairment without proper dose adjustment.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Emtriva as part of a combination regimen with other antiretroviral drugs. It should not be used alone to treat HIV.
- Emtriva can be taken with or without food.
- Be consistent in taking Emtriva every day at the same time to avoid missing doses, as missed doses can lead to drug resistance.
- Emtriva does not cure HIV and should be combined with safe sex practices and other preventive measures to avoid spreading the virus.
Side Effects of Emtriva
Common Side Effects
- Headache
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Lactic acidosis (a rare but serious condition)
- Hepatotoxicity
- Renal impairment
- Skin discoloration (especially on the palms and soles)
Risks and Warnings of Emtriva
- Lactic Acidosis: Rare cases of lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly (liver enlargement) have been reported. Symptoms may include muscle pain, trouble breathing, abdominal pain, or extreme fatigue.
- Renal Impairment: Patients with kidney issues may require dose adjustments or more frequent monitoring, as Emtriva can impact kidney function.
- Drug Resistance: It is crucial to adhere strictly to the prescribed regimen to avoid the development of HIV resistance to Emtriva and other antiretrovirals.
Interactions with Emtriva
Common Drug Interactions
- Other antiretroviral medications: Emtriva is commonly used in combination with other antiretrovirals for improved HIV management.
- Tenofovir: Often combined with Emtriva as part of combination therapies such as Truvada or Descovy.
- Hepatotoxic drugs: Monitor closely if used with other medications that may affect liver function.
Alternatives to Emtriva
- Truvada: A combination of emtricitabine and tenofovir used for both treatment of HIV and PrEP.
- Descovy: Another combination of emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide used in HIV treatment and prevention.
- Lamivudine: Another NRTI used for HIV treatment.
