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Demeclocycline HCl
Demeclocycline HCl is a tetracycline antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and skin infections. In addition to its use as an antibiotic, demeclocycline is sometimes prescribed off-label to manage the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), a condition where the body produces too much antidiuretic hormone, leading to water retention and electrolyte imbalances.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Demeclocycline to start working?
For bacterial infections, improvement is usually seen within a few days of starting treatment. For SIADH, it may take several days to a week for the full effect to be noticeable.
Can I take Demeclocycline with food?
Demeclocycline can be taken with food if it causes stomach upset, but avoid taking it with dairy products or calcium-rich foods, as these can interfere with its absorption.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Demeclocycline?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up on doses.
Can Demeclocycline be used for long-term therapy?
Long-term use of Demeclocycline may be needed for certain conditions, such as SIADH, but regular monitoring of liver and kidney function is recommended to avoid potential complications.
Can I take Demeclocycline if I’m pregnant?
Demeclocycline should be avoided during pregnancy, as it can harm fetal development, particularly affecting bone growth and causing tooth discoloration in the baby.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Demeclocycline HCl Work?
Demeclocycline works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, preventing bacteria from growing and reproducing. It binds to the bacterial ribosome, which stops the translation of proteins necessary for bacterial survival. In the treatment of SIADH, demeclocycline reduces the sensitivity of kidney tubules to antidiuretic hormone, helping to correct water and electrolyte imbalances.
What is Demeclocycline HCl Used For?
- Treatment of bacterial infections, including respiratory, urinary tract, and skin infections
- Treatment of acne
- Off-label use: Management of SIADH
Common Dosages
Demeclocycline HCl is available by prescription in tablet form. It is not classified as a controlled substance.
- 150 mg tablets
- 300 mg tablets
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- For bacterial infections, the typical dose is 150 mg to 300 mg every 6 to 12 hours, depending on the severity of the infection.
- For SIADH, the dose varies based on the patient's condition and response to treatment, often starting at 600 mg to 1200 mg daily in divided doses
Who Shouldn't Take Demeclocycline HCl?
Demeclocycline should not be used in individuals with:
- Known hypersensitivity to demeclocycline or other tetracycline antibiotics
- Severe liver disease
- Children under 8 years old, as it can cause permanent tooth discoloration and affect bone growth
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Demeclocycline with a full glass of water to avoid irritation of the esophagus. Do not lie down for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication.
- Avoid taking dairy products, calcium, iron supplements, or antacids within 2 hours before or after taking Demeclocycline, as these can reduce its absorption.
- Protect your skin from the sun, as Demeclocycline can increase your sensitivity to sunlight and increase the risk of sunburn.
- Complete the full course of treatment, even if you feel better, to ensure that the infection is fully cleared.
Side Effects of Demeclocycline HCl
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Sensitivity to sunlight (photosensitivity)
- Loss of appetite
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe skin reactions (e.g., rash, itching, blistering)
- Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
- Persistent headaches or vision changes (a sign of increased intracranial pressure)
Risks and Warnings of Demeclocycline HCl
Photosensitivity: Demeclocycline can increase the risk of sunburn. Patients should wear protective clothing and sunscreen when outdoors.
Permanent Tooth Discoloration: Children under 8 years of age should not take this drug due to the risk of permanent yellowing or graying of teeth.
Liver Toxicity: Demeclocycline may cause liver problems, especially in patients with pre-existing liver conditions. Liver function tests may be necessary during long-term therapy.
Interactions with Demeclocycline HCl
Common Drug Interactions
- Antacids, calcium, iron, and magnesium supplements: These can interfere with the absorption of demeclocycline.
- Oral contraceptives: Demeclocycline can reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills. Alternative contraceptive methods should be used.
- Warfarin: The combination with demeclocycline may increase the risk of bleeding. Regular monitoring of blood clotting levels may be required.
Alternatives to Demeclocycline HCl
- Doxycycline: Another tetracycline antibiotic with similar uses, often used as an alternative for bacterial infections and acne.
- Tetracycline: A similar antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.
- Sodium chloride tablets: Used as an alternative for managing SIADH when demeclocycline is not suitable.
