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Daraprim
Daraprim (pyrimethamine) is an antiparasitic medication used primarily to treat toxoplasmosis, an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It is also used as part of combination therapy to treat or prevent malaria in certain cases. Daraprim works by inhibiting the parasite’s ability to reproduce, making it an effective treatment for parasitic infections.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Daraprim to treat toxoplasmosis?
Treatment typically lasts 1 to 3 weeks, followed by a maintenance dose for a longer period to prevent recurrence. The total duration depends on the severity of the infection.
Can Daraprim cure toxoplasmosis?
Daraprim helps control the infection and prevents the parasite from multiplying, but it does not completely eliminate the parasite from the body. Long-term management may be needed for immunocompromised individuals.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Daraprim?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double up doses.
Can Daraprim cause folate deficiency?
Yes, Daraprim can interfere with folic acid metabolism, leading to folate deficiency. To reduce this risk, folinic acid (leucovorin) is often prescribed alongside Daraprim.
Is Daraprim safe for long-term use?
Daraprim can be used long-term in certain cases, such as for chronic toxoplasmosis, but regular monitoring of blood counts and folate levels is essential to prevent serious side effects like anemia and bone marrow suppression.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Daraprim Work?
Daraprim works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase in the parasite, which is essential for the synthesis of folic acid. By blocking this enzyme, Daraprim prevents the parasite from multiplying and spreading throughout the body.
Common Dosages
- Oral tablets: 25 mg
Typical Dosing
- For toxoplasmosis: The typical dose is 50 to 75 mg once daily, in combination with other medications, for 1 to 3 weeks, followed by a maintenance dose of 25 to 50 mg daily.
- For malaria prevention: Doses vary depending on the situation but are generally lower than those used for treating toxoplasmosis.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Toxoplasmosis (used in combination with other drugs, such as sulfadiazine).
- Malaria (in certain cases where resistance to other antimalarials is present).
Who Shouldn't Take Daraprim?
- Known hypersensitivity to pyrimethamine or any component of the formulation.
- Megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Daraprim exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider, and always in combination with other drugs, such as sulfadiazine or folinic acid, to reduce the risk of side effects.
- Daraprim may cause nausea or vomiting. Taking it with food may help reduce stomach upset.
- If you experience any unusual symptoms, such as mouth sores or fever, contact your healthcare provider immediately.
Side Effects of Daraprim
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Rash
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
- Bone marrow suppression
- Folate deficiency leading to megaloblastic anemia
Risks and Warnings of Daraprim
- Bone Marrow Suppression: Daraprim can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to low levels of blood cells. This risk is higher when used for long periods and may require regular blood monitoring.
- Folate Deficiency: Daraprim interferes with folic acid metabolism, increasing the risk of folate deficiency. To mitigate this, folinic acid (leucovorin) is often prescribed alongside Daraprim.
- Hypersensitivity Reactions: Severe allergic reactions can occur in some individuals. If signs of a reaction, such as rash or swelling, appear, discontinue use and seek medical attention.
Interactions with Daraprim
Common Drug Interactions
- Sulfadiazine: Daraprim is often used in combination with sulfadiazine for the treatment of toxoplasmosis. These medications work together to combat the parasite.
- Antifolate drugs: Drugs like methotrexate or trimethoprim may increase the risk of folate deficiency when taken with Daraprim.
- Phenytoin: Daraprim can increase the levels of phenytoin, an anti-seizure medication, leading to potential toxicity.
Alternatives to Daraprim
- Sulfadiazine: Often used in combination with Daraprim for toxoplasmosis treatment, targeting the same parasite with a different mechanism of action.
- Atovaquone: An antiparasitic medication that can be used as an alternative to Daraprim for toxoplasmosis treatment.
- Clindamycin: In some cases, clindamycin may be used in combination with Daraprim for the treatment of toxoplasmosis, particularly in patients allergic to sulfadiazine.
