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Dantrolene Sodium
Dantrolene Sodium is a muscle relaxant used primarily to treat muscle spasticity in conditions such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and spinal cord injuries. It is also used to treat and prevent malignant hyperthermia, a potentially life-threatening condition triggered by certain anesthetic agents. Dantrolene works by reducing muscle contractions, helping to relieve stiffness and spasms.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Dantrolene to work?
The effects of dantrolene on muscle spasticity may take a few days to a week to become noticeable. For malignant hyperthermia, it works rapidly when administered intravenously.
Can I stop taking Dantrolene if my symptoms improve?
Do not stop taking dantrolene suddenly without consulting your doctor. Stopping abruptly may cause a return of symptoms or withdrawal effects.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Dantrolene?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, but if it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up on doses.
Is Dantrolene safe for long-term use?
While dantrolene can be used long-term for muscle spasticity, regular monitoring of liver function is essential due to the risk of liver toxicity.
Can Dantrolene be used during pregnancy?
Dantrolene should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Consult your healthcare provider to discuss the safety of dantrolene during pregnancy.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Dantrolene Sodium Work?
Dantrolene acts directly on the skeletal muscles by inhibiting the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, reducing muscle contraction. This helps decrease muscle rigidity and spasms in various neuromuscular conditions. In the case of malignant hyperthermia, dantrolene helps normalize calcium levels in muscle cells, preventing dangerous muscle contractions and hyperthermia.
What is Dantrolene Sodium Used For?
- Management of muscle spasticity in conditions such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and spinal cord injuries
- Treatment and prevention of malignant hyperthermia during surgery
Common Dosages
Dantrolene Sodium is available by prescription in capsule form and as an injectable solution for the treatment of malignant hyperthermia. It is not classified as a controlled substance.
- Capsules: 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg
- Injectable: 20 mg vials for intravenous use in malignant hyperthermia
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- For muscle spasticity: The usual starting dose is 25 mg once daily, gradually increasing as needed to a typical maintenance dose of 100 mg to 400 mg per day, divided into two to four doses.
For malignant hyperthermia: 2.5 mg/kg administered intravenously, repeated as necessary until symptoms subside.
Who Shouldn't Take Dantrolene Sodium?
Dantrolene Sodium should not be used in individuals with:
- Liver disease or a history of liver impairment
- Known hypersensitivity to dantrolene or any of its components
- Severe cardiac or pulmonary dysfunction
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take dantrolene exactly as prescribed, and avoid activities requiring full alertness, such as driving, until you know how the medication affects you, as it can cause drowsiness.
- Regular liver function tests are recommended while on long-term dantrolene therapy to monitor for liver toxicity.
- Store dantrolene capsules at room temperature and keep the injectable formulation stored according to package instructions.
- Avoid alcohol while taking dantrolene, as it may increase the risk of side effects such as drowsiness and dizziness.
Side Effects of Dantrolene Sodium
Common Side Effects
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Muscle weakness
- Diarrhea
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Liver toxicity (e.g., jaundice, dark urine)
- Respiratory depression
- Fatigue and severe muscle weakness
Risks and Warnings of Dantrolene Sodium
- Liver Toxicity: Dantrolene has been associated with severe liver damage, especially with long-term use. Patients should undergo regular liver function tests while on the medication.
- Respiratory Depression: High doses of dantrolene can lead to respiratory depression, particularly in patients with pre-existing lung conditions.
- Drowsiness and Dizziness: Dantrolene may impair your ability to operate machinery or perform tasks requiring alertness. Caution is advised.a
Interactions with Dantrolene Sodium
Common Drug Interactions
- CNS depressants (e.g., sedatives, alcohol): These may increase the sedative effects of dantrolene.
- Calcium channel blockers: Combining dantrolene with calcium channel blockers may increase the risk of heart complications, including cardiovascular collapse.
- Estrogen-containing medications: Estrogens can increase the risk of liver toxicity when taken with dantrolene.
Alternatives to Dantrolene Sodium
- Baclofen: Another muscle relaxant used to treat spasticity in neurological conditions.
- Tizanidine: A muscle relaxant commonly used for spasticity management.
- Botulinum toxin injections: Used for more localized treatment of spasticity.
