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Alvimopan
Alvimopan is a medication primarily used to expedite the recovery of gastrointestinal function after surgery, particularly in patients undergoing bowel resection. It is a peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist that helps counteract the opioid-induced inhibition of gastrointestinal motility. By blocking the effects of opioids on the gut without affecting analgesia, Alvimopan promotes bowel recovery and reduces the incidence of postoperative ileus (a temporary cessation of bowel activity).
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Frequently Asked Questions
How quickly does Alvimopan work?
Alvimopan is designed to facilitate gastrointestinal recovery quickly, often showing effects within a day or two after surgery.
Can I take Alvimopan if I have taken opioids for pain relief?
Alvimopan is contraindicated for patients who have taken opioids for more than 7 consecutive days prior to surgery. Always inform your healthcare provider about your medication history.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Alvimopan?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule.
Are there any dietary restrictions while taking Alvimopan?
There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with Alvimopan. However, a balanced diet may support gastrointestinal recovery.
Can I stop taking Alvimopan abruptly?
Yes, Alvimopan can be stopped without tapering; however, consult your healthcare provider if you have any concerns about gastrointestinal recovery.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Alvimopan Work?
Alvimopan selectively binds to mu-opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, preventing opioids from exerting their typical inhibitory effects on gut motility. By blocking these receptors peripherally, Alvimopan enhances gastrointestinal transit and promotes the return of bowel function without affecting opioid analgesia in the central nervous system.
Common Dosages
- Capsules: 12 mg
Typical Dosing
- The recommended dosing for Alvimopan is 12 mg taken orally twice daily, starting the day after surgery and continuing until bowel function has recovered, but not exceeding 7 days of treatment.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- To facilitate the recovery of gastrointestinal function following surgery in patients who are undergoing bowel resection and who are receiving opioid analgesics.
Who Shouldn't Take Alvimopan?
- Known hypersensitivity to alvimopan or any components of the formulation
- Patients who have taken opioids for more than 7 consecutive days prior to surgery
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Use Alvimopan exactly as prescribed, and ensure proper timing in relation to surgical recovery.
- Inform your healthcare provider of any other medications you are taking, especially opioids, as they may affect treatment decisions.
- Monitor for signs of gastrointestinal recovery and report any concerns to your healthcare provider.
Side Effects of Alvimopan
Common Side Effects
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Headache
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions (e.g., rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing)
Risks and Warnings of Alvimopan
- Bowel Obstruction: Alvimopan is contraindicated in patients with known or suspected bowel obstruction, as it may exacerbate the condition.
- Cardiovascular Risk: Caution should be exercised in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions, as the use of Alvimopan has been associated with certain cardiovascular events.
Interactions with Alvimopan
Common Drug Interactions
- Opioids: Concurrent use with opioids is generally contraindicated, especially in patients who have been using them for longer than 7 days prior to surgery.
- Other Gastrointestinal Agents: Inform your healthcare provider about other gastrointestinal medications to avoid potential interactions.
Alternatives to Alvimopan
- Other gastrointestinal agents: Such as prokinetic agents or different classes of opioids, may be considered based on the patient's needs and the specific clinical scenario.
- Non-opioid pain management: Strategies such as NSAIDs or acetaminophen may be used to minimize opioid requirements and associated gastrointestinal side effects.
